Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2015 | 1 | 311 |

Article title

Likert scale and change in range of response categories vs. the factors extraction in EFA model

Authors

Content

Title variants

Skala likerta a zakres kategorii odpowiedzi w procesie ekstrakcji czynników w modelu EFA

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
Abstract: The objective article is the comparative analysis of Likert rating scale based on the following range of response categories, i.e. 5, 7, 9 and 11 in context of the appropriate process of factors extraction in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The problem which is being addressed in article relates primarily to the methodological aspects, both in selection of the optimal number of response categories of the measured items (constituting the Likert scale) and identification of possible changes, differences or similarities associated (as a result of the impact of four types of scales) with extraction and determination the appropriate number of factors in EFA model. Keywords: Exploratory factor analysis, Likert scale, experiment research, marketing
PL
Streszczenie: Celem artykułu jest analiza porównawcza skali Likerta o różnej podstawie rozpiętości kategorii odpowiedzi: (5, 7, 9 i 11 stopniowej), w kontekście procesu wyodrębniania czynników w eksploracyjnej analizie czynnikowej (EFA). Poruszany w artykule problem dotyczy przede wszystkim wątków metodologicznych zarówno w kwestii wyboru optymalnej liczby kategorii w sferze mierzonych pozycji składających się na skalę Likerta jak i rozpoznania zmian, różnic lub podobieństw towarzyszących (w wyniku oddziaływania czterech typów skal) procesowi wyodrębniania i określania odpowiedniej liczby czynników w modelu EFA.  Słowa kluczowe: eksploracyjna analiza czynnikowa, skale 5, 7, 9 i 11 punktowe, badania eksperymentalne, marketing

Year

Volume

1

Issue

311

Physical description

Dates

published
2016-01-07

Contributors

author
  • Poznan University of Economics Department of Marketing Research and Services

References

  • Alwin D.F. (1997), Feeling thermometers vs. 7-point scales, Sociological Methods and Research, vol. 25, no 3, pp. 318-351.
  • Bartlett M.S. (1954), A note on the multiplying factors for various chi-square approximations, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 16, Series B, pp. 296-298.
  • Churchill G., Peter P. (1984), Research design effects on the reliability of rating scales – a meta-analysis, Journal of Marketing Research, no. 4, pp. 360-375.
  • Cicchetti D.V., Showalter D., Tyrer P.J. (1985), The effect of number of rating scale categories on levels of inter-rater reliability: a Monte-Carlo investigation, Applied Psychological Measurement, vol. 9, pp. 31-36.
  • Cox E.P. (1980), The optimal number of response alternatives for a scale: a review, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 17, pp. 407-422.
  • Cronbach L.J. (1951), Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests, Psychometrika, vol. 16, pp. 297-334.
  • Givon M.M., Shapira Z. (1984), Response to rating scales: a theoretical model and its application to the number of categories problem, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 21, November, pp. 410-419.
  • Gorsuch R.L. (1974), Factor analysis, Saunders Company, London.
  • Grigg A.O. (1980), Some problems concerning the use of rating scales for visual assessment, Journal of the Market Research Society, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 29-43.
  • Hancock G.R., Klockars A. J. (1991). The effect of scale manipulations on validity: targeting frequency rating scales for anticipated performance level, Applied Ergonomics, vol. 22, pp. 147-154.
  • Kaiser H.F. (1974), An index of factorial simplicity, Psychometrika, vol. 39, pp. 31-36.
  • Kendall M.G. (1950), Factor analysis, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 12, pp. 60-73.
  • Kim J.O., Mueller C.W. (1978), Introduction to factor analysis – what it is and how to do it, Sage University Press, Newbury Park.
  • Likert R., (1932), A technique for the measurement of attitudes, Archives of Psychology, vol. 140, pp. 5-55.
  • Loken B., Piri P., Virnig K. A., Hinkle R. L., Salmon C.T. (1987). The use of 0-10 scales in telephone surveys, Journal of the Market Research Society, vol. 29, no 3, pp. 353-362.
  • Matell M.S., Jacoby J. (1971), Is there an optimal number of alternatives for Likert scale items? - study: reliability and validity, Educational and Psychological Measurement, vol. 31, pp. 657-674.
  • Mulaik S.A. (1990), Blurring the distinctions between component analysis and common factor analysis, Multivariate Behavioral Research, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 53-59
  • Mulaik S.A. (1987), A brief history of the philosophical foundations of exploratory factor analysis, Multivariate Behavioral Research, vol. 22, pp. 267-305.
  • Schutz H.G., Rucker M.H., 1975, A comparison of variable configurations across scale lengths: an empirical study, Educational and Psychological Measurement, vol. 35, s. 319-324.
  • Shaw M. E., Wright J. M. (1967), Scales for the measurement of attitudes, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Stobiecka J. (2003), Porządkowy czy interwałowy charakter skal szacunkowych w naukach społecznych [w] Gatnar E. (red.), Analiza i prognozowanie zjawisk rynkowych o charakterze metrycznym, Wydawnictwo AE w Katowicach, s. 84.
  • Sztabiński F. (2003), Logika badacza i logika respondenta – problem adekwatności narzędzia badawczego, ASK, Społeczeństwo, Badania i Metody, nr 12, s. 165.
  • Tarka P., Kaczmarek M. (2013), Analiza porównawcza metod pomiaru postaw respondentów, Wiadomości Statystyczne, nr 8, s. 37-47.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_18778_0208-6018_311_04
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.