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2021 | 5 | 356 | 26-59

Article title

Do Inter-Municipal Cooperation Unions Differ in Their Policies Depending on Their Size? Evidence from Poland

Content

Title variants

PL
Czy związki międzygminne różnią się w polityce wydatkowania środków w zależności od ich wielkości? Wyniki na przykładzie Polski

Languages of publication

Abstracts

PL
Literatura dotycząca współpracy międzygminnej (IMC), skupiająca się na charakterystyce jej członków i czynnikach decydujących o jej nawiązaniu, jest bogata. Różne badania wskazują, że korzyści skali i zakresu osiągają głównie małe gminy, w związku z czym są one bardziej chętne do podejmowania współpracy niż większe jednostki. Z drugiej strony małe gminy bywają niekiedy skłonne do korzystania z dóbr i usług świadczonych przez większe samorządy, co wiąże się z efektami zewnętrznymi. Nie jest jednak jasne, czy istnieje powiązanie między wielkością związków międzygminnych (mierzoną ich populacją) a rodzajami zadań wykonywanych wspólnie przez partnerów (często w różnej liczbie). Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu wypełnienie istniejącej luki poprzez zbadanie, czy udział wydatków na jedną z trzech kategorii zadań (zakwalifikowanych jako zadania cechujące się ekonomią skali i zakresu, generowaniem efektów zewnętrznych bądź mieszane) w wydatkach ponoszonych łącznie różni się istotnie w zależności od wielkości podmiotu IMC. Wykorzystano do tego test rang Kruskala‑Wallisa. Aby wskazać, które konkretne mediany różnią się statystycznie od pozostałych w każdym roku, przeprowadzono test wielokrotnych porównań Dunna z korektą Bonferroniego. Badanie dotyczy polskich związków międzygminnych oraz ich sprawozdań finansowych za lata 2003–2018 i obejmuje 2541 obserwacji. Wyniki pokazują, że zdecydowaną większość statystycznie istotnych różnic zaobserwowano w udziale wydatków na zadania cechujące się ekonomią skali i zakresu w wydatkach ogółem, co sugeruje, że bardzo małe związki międzygminne przeznaczały na te zadania większą część swojego budżetu niż średniej wielkości i małe związki międzygminne (przez kilka lat). Nie odnotowano istotnych różnic w udziale wydatków na zadania charakteryzujące się efektami zewnętrznymi. Znaczące różnice w wydatkach na zadania o charakterze mieszanym wystąpiły tylko w 2017 i 2018 roku. Świadczy to o tym, że małe związki międzygminne wydały więcej niż bardzo małe związki międzygminne. Wyniki badań uzupełniają literaturę przedmiotu, prowadząc do wniosku, że mniejsze związki międzygminne koncentrują się bardziej na redukcji wydatków w przeliczeniu na jednego mieszkańca.
EN
The literature on inter‑municipal cooperation (IMC) focusing on the characteristics of its members and factors driving a decision to start cooperating is abundant. Various studies indicate that small municipalities are particularly vulnerable to economies of scale and scope, hence they are more likely to start cooperating than bigger units. On the other hand, small municipalities face incentives to free‑ride on bigger local governments due to spillovers. However, it is unclear if there exists a nexus between the size of IMC entities (measured by population) and types of tasks performed jointly by their partners (often of a different number). This paper aims to fill the existing gap by testing whether a share of expenditures on one of the three categories of tasks (‘economies of scale and scope tasks,’ ‘spillover tasks’ and ‘multi tasks’) in total expenditures incurred jointly differs significantly depending on the size of an IMC entity. For that purpose, the Kruskal‑Wallis rank test was used. To pinpoint which specific medians are statistically different from the others in each year of analysis, Dunn’s multiple comparison test with the Bonferroni adjustment was performed. The research is based on Polish inter‑municipal unions (IMC‑unions) and their financial statements over the period 2003–2018 and covers 2,541 observations. The results show that the vast majority of statistically significant differences were observed in the share of expenditures on ‘economies of scale and scope tasks’ in total expenditures, suggesting that very small IMC‑unions spent more of their budget on these tasks than medium‑sized IMC‑unions and small IMC‑unions (over several years). No significant differences were noted in the share of ‘spillover’ expenditures. Significant differences in ‘multi’ expenditures occurred only in 2017 and 2018, indicating that small IMC‑unions spent more than very small IMC‑unions. These first results add to the existing literature by driving a conclusion that smaller IMC‑unions concentrate more on reducing per capita spending.

Year

Volume

5

Issue

356

Pages

26-59

Physical description

Dates

published
2021

Contributors

  • Poznań University of Economics and Business, Department of Public Finance, Poznań, Poland

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Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
2154166

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_18778_0208-6018_356_03
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