Generalized Trust, Helpfulness, Fairness and Growth in European Countries A Revised Analysis

• Authors: Jan Jacek Sztaudynger , Ewa Ambroziak , Paweł Starosta

Title variants

PL

Zgeneralizowane zaufanie, skłonność do udzielania pomocy, poczucie uczciwości innych a wzrost ekonomiczny w Europie. Zmodyfikowane ujęcie

Abstracts

PL

Celem artykułu jest próba oszacowania wpływu postaw zaufania, pomocniczości i uczciwości na wzrost gospodarczy w krajach Europy. W pierwszej części tekstu skupiono uwagę na prezentacji koncepcji kapitału społecznego i na związanym z nim pojęciu zaufania, natomiast w kolejnej części dokonano selektywnego przeglądu literatury dotyczącej wpływu zaufania na rozwój ekonomiczny. Część trzecia zawiera prezentację ekonometrycznego modelu wzrostu gospodarczego, bazującego na zmodyfikowanej funkcji produkcji Cobba‑Douglasa. Zaproponowany model zawiera trzy powiązane ze sobą zmienne: zgeneralizowane zaufanie, skłonność do udzielania pomocy (pomocniczość) oraz deklarowaną postawę stopnia uczciwości innych ludzi, które wyrażone są w postaci zmiennej zagregowanej, nazwanej przez autorów kapitałem współpracy. Próba badawcza, będąca podstawą analiz empirycznych, odnosi się do kolejnych rund badań przeprowadzonych w latach 2006–2018 w ramach Europejskiego Sondażu Społecznego w 22 krajach Europy. Dane zawarte w Europejskim Sondażu Społecznym, wykraczające poza wąsko rozumiane zjawisko zaufania, dają pewną szansę na weryfikację niezbyt dotychczas dokładnego pomiaru wpływu kapitału współpracy i pomostowego na kształtowanie się poziomu wzrostu ekonomicznego. Uzyskane rezultaty analiz wskazują, iż w przybliżeniu 1/8 wzrostu (mierzonego wielkością stopy wzrostu GDP) może być traktowana jako efekt wzrostu zgeneralizowanego zaufania, pomocniczości i uczciwości. Ponadto odnotowano, iż 86% tego wpływu ujawnia się z opóźnieniem od roku do 4 lat. Przyjęte do analizy trzy zmienne cząstkowe lepiej wyjaśniają zmienność wzrostu gospodarczego niż wyłącznie poziom zaufania, który stanowił jedyną kategorię wyjaśniającą w większości dotychczasowych analiz. Wyestymowany przez autorów model sugeruje, iż spośród trzech analizowanych zmiennych cząstkowych największy wpływ na zmienność ekonomicznego wzrostu ma skłonność do wzajemnego udzielania sobie pomocy przez ludzi. Nie podważa to jednak faktu, że również zaufanie i uczciwość to istotne czynniki wpływające na wzrost gospodarczy w badanych krajach Europy.

EN

This research is an attempt to assess the impact of trust, helpfulness, and fairness on economic growth in Europe. The first part of the paper highlights the concept of social capital and the related concept of trust, while the second part gives an overview of selected research hitherto conducted on the subject. The third part presents an econometric growth model based on a modified Cobb‑Douglas production function. The model we propose includes three interrelated variables: generalized trust, helpfulness, and fairness, which can be combined into an aggregated variable, called ‘cooperation capital’. The pooled sample covers the years 2006–2018 and includes 22 European countries. European Social Survey data provides a chance to examine the previously inaccessible measurement of the impact of bridging social capital increase on economic growth. The results suggest that approximately 1/8 of economic growth (measured by the GDP growth rate) may be ascribed to the effect of an increase in cooperation capital. In addition, 86% of this effect occurs with a 1–4 year lag. The three‑component cooperation capital explains economic growth better than generalized trust exclusively. The estimated model suggests that an increase in helpfulness among people has the largest impact on economic growth. As the outcomes of this research also clearly show, fairness and trust are key factors for economic growth in Europe.

Keywords

PL

społeczny kapitał pomostowy; zgeneralizowane zaufanie; pomocniczość; uczciwość; wzrost ekonomiczny; Europa

EN

bridging social capital; trust; helpfulness; fairness; economic growth; Europe

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
• Journal: Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
• Year: 2022
• Volume: 25
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 135-160

Dates

published

2022

Contributors

author

Jan Jacek Sztaudynger

• Full Professor at the University of Lodz, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, Department of Econometrics, Lodz, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000000226227997

author

Ewa Ambroziak

• mBank, Lodz, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000000314028381

author

Paweł Starosta

• Full Professor at the University of Lodz, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, Department of Rural and Urban Sociology, Lodz, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000000262314510

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Identifiers

DOI

10.18778/1508-2008.25.25

Biblioteka Nauki

2106289