Bipolar Disorder in Statehood: is China “Dr. Jekyll” or “Mr. Hyde” or Both?

• Authors: David A. Jones
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

American and Chinese interests seem to be at one time in agreement and at another at loggerheads over issues that involve armed services, diplomacy, economics, human rights, intelligence, trade and culture. Part of what may appear to be a growing déracinement, or mutual disenchantment, arising from diverse viewpoints over infrastructure development globally but especially in sensitive developing areas such as the stand-off in the South China Sea and elsewhere along the Pacific coastline of Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific Rim. China seems to be reconstructing its ancient feudal empire, actual or imaginary, in the territory to its South, the ASEAN bloc. This article will address some issues of compatibility and conflict that unite China but that sometimes divide it from the United States and the West, then assesses what alternative strategies should be adopted or abandoned in the interests of global and regional harmony coupled with security. It urges greater cooperation and collaboration, a development of a code of conduct for state behavior in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region, together with a concerted East–West effort to maintain a stable economy for China and a sustainable trade relationship between China, Europe, and North America.

Keywords

EN

China; South China Sea; United States; State Bi-polarity; TPP; TTIP

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
• Journal: International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
• Year: 2018
• Volume: 22
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 9-38

Dates

published

2018-11-09

Contributors

author

David A. Jones

• University of Warsaw, Institute of The Americas and Europe

References

• Ai, John. Hainan, women and children beaten for trying to stop village demolition. “Asia News” (May, 2016). Web. http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Hainan%2C-women-and-children-beaten-for-trying-to-stop-village-demolition--37374.html
• AIIB to Use U.S. Dollar as Settlement Currency: Source. “Yonhapnews” (May, 2015). Web. http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/business/2015/05/04/63/0502000000AEN20150504005100315F.html
• Albert, Eleanor. China’s Environmental Crisis, “Council on Foreign Relations” (January, 2016). Web. http://www.cfr.org/china/chinas-environmental-crisis/p12608
• American Psychiatric Association (APA), Steering Committee on Practice Guidelines. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Bipolar Disorder (April, 2002; 2nd edition November, 2005). Web. http://psychiatryonline.org/pb/assets/raw/sitewide/practice_guidelines/guidelines/bipolar.pdf
• Amnesty International. Annual Report, China (2013). Web. http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/countries/asia-and-the-pacific/china
• Australia Set to Block China Purchase of Iconic Cattle Ranch, AG Web and “Bloomberg News” (April, 2016). Web. http://www.agweb.com/article/australia-set-to-block-china-purchase-of-iconic-cattle-ranch-blmg/
• Babones, Salvatore. China’s five year plan fantasy: China’s “moderately prosperous society” must be grounded in fiscal reality. “Al-Jazeera” (March, 2016). Web. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2016/03/china-year-plan-fantasy-160302100819192.html
• Bluestone, Zack. Water Wars: With Tensions Simmering, ASEAN Foreign Ministers Weigh inon South China Sea, “Lawfare” (March, 2016). Web. https://www.lawfareblog.com/water-wars-tensions-simmering-asean-foreign-ministers-weigh-south-china-sea
• Brown, David. 3rd US aircraft carrier heads toward Asia on previously planned transit. “Washington Examiner” (October, 2017). Web. http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/3rd-us-aircraft-carrier-heads-toward-asia-on-previously-planned-transit/article/2638558
• Campbell, Charlie. Almost 500 Students Fall Ill at Posh Chinese School From Toxic Waste Dumped Nearby, “Time” (April, 2016). Web. http://time.com/4298774/china-public-health-toxic-chemicals-pollution-jiangsu-changzhou/
• Center for American Progress. China’s Strengths and Weaknesses 101: U.S. Competitiveness Hinges on Knowing Our Competitors, Center for American Progress (08 February 2011). Web. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2011/02/08/9074/chinas-strengths-and-weaknesses-101/
• Chang, Gordon G. China Credit Squeeze, Defaults Are Signs Of Coming Crisis, “Forbes Opinion” (May, 2016). Web. http://www.forbes.com/sites/gordonchang/2016/05/22/china-credit-squeeze-defaults-are-signs-of-coming-crisis/#6ec7e069680e
• Chin, Josh. China Says Prepared to Lead global Economy If Necessary, “The Wall Street Journal” (January, 2017). Web. https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-says-prepared-to-lead-global-economy-if-necessary-1485178890
• China has reclaimed 3,200 acres in the South China Sea, says Pentagon, “The Guardian” (May, 2016). Web. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/13/pentagon-report-china-reclaimed-3200-acres-south-china-sea
• China’s Strengths and Weaknesses, European Issue Nr. 235, Fondation Robert Schuman, the Research and Studies Centre on Europe (April, 2012). Web. http://www.robert-schuman.eu/en/european-issues/0235-china-s-strengths-and-weaknesses
• China’s Trade Surplus, Strength from Weakness, “The Economist” (June, 2014). Web. http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2014/07/chinas-trade-surplus
• China using ‘coercive tactics’ in maritime claims: Pentagon, “Daily Mail” (May, 2016). Web. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-3589651/China-using-coercive-tactics-South-China-Sea-Pentagon.html
• Chinese investors have spent $300 billion on US property, study finds, “Reuters” (May, 2016). Web. http://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/16/chinese-investors-have-spent-300-billion-on-us-property-mbs-rosen-study-finds.html
• Chinese Real Estate Investment Plays Growing Role in U.S. Economy, “Asia Society” (May, 2016). Web. http://asiasociety.org/media/chinese-real-estate-investment
• Church Pastor’s Wife Is Buried Alive After Trying To Prevent The Destruction Of Church, “Three Percenter Nation” (April, 2016). Web. http://threepercenternation.com/archives/36505#
• Clark, Colin. RAND Spots China’s ‘Potentially Serious’ Weak Spots, “Breaking Defense” (February, 2015). Web. http://breakingdefense.com/2015/02/rand-spots-chinas-potentially-serious-weak-spots/
• Daiss, Tim. China To Send Nuke Armed Submarines To Pacific To Counter U.S., Beijing Claims, “Forbes Business” (May, 2016). Web. http://www.forbes.com/sites/timdaiss/2016/05/29/china-to-send-nuke-armed-submarines-to-pacific-to-counter-us-beijing-claims/#5fa18bf77a6e
• Desjardins, Jeff. This awesome infographic estimates the size of China’s massive debt bomb, “Business Insider” (May, 2016). Web. http://uk.businessinsider.com/infographic-estimate-chinas-debt-load-2016–5
• Dickey, Christopher. Will Nicaragua Ever Get Its Grand Canal?, “The Daily Beast” (May, 2016). Web. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/05/14/will-nicaragua-ever-get-its-grand-canal.html
• Dugan, Andrew. Opinion Briefing: U.S. vs. China – Strengths and Weaknesses, Gallup.com (June, 2013). Web. http://www.gallup.com/poll/162965/opinion-briefing-china-strengths-weaknesses.aspx
• Economy, Elizabeth C. The River Runs Black: The Environmental Challenge to China’s Future. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. (July, 2010).
• Erickson, Andrew S. Clear Strengths, Fuzzy Weaknesses In China’s Massive Military Build-Up, “The Wall Street Journal” (May, 2015). Web. http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2015/05/09/clear-strengths-fuzzy-weaknesses-in-chinas-massive-military-build-up/
• Freedberg, Jr., Sydney J. China’s Dangerous Weakness, Part 1: Beijing’s Aggressive ‘Self-Defense’, “Breaking Defense” (September, 2013). Web. http://breakingdefense.com/2013/09/chinas-dangerous-weakness-part-1-beijings-aggressive-idea-of-self-defense/
• Gayou, D. Gerard. China Foreign Exchange Reserves: 4 Trillion and Counting, “The Daily Signal” (June, 2014). Web. http://dailysignal.com/2014/06/20/china-foreign-exchange-reserves-4-trillion-counting/
• Gertz, Bill. Chinese Military Weaknesses Revealed, “The Washington Free Beacon” (February, 2015). Web. http://freebeacon.com/national-security/chinese-military-weaknesses-revealed/
• Gough, Neil. For Chinese Economy, Strengths Are Now Weaknesses, “Bloomberg” (March, 2015). Web. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/12/business/international/for-chinese-economy-steel-goes-from-strength-to-weakness.html?_r=0
• Hanemann, Thiel, and Cassie Gao. Record Deal Making in 2016 Pushes Cumulative Chinese FDI in the US above $100 billion, Rhodium Group (December, 2016). Web. http://rhg.com/notes/record-deal-making-in-2016-pushes-cumulative-chinese-fdi-in-the-us-above-100-billion
• Hanemann, Thiel, Daniel H. Rosen, Cassie Gao. Two-Way Street: 25 Years of U.S. – China Direct Investment. New York: Rhodium Group and National Committee on U.S. – China Relations (October 2016). Web. http://rhg.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/TwoWayStreet_FullReport_En.pdf
• Hiner, Jason. 7 Chinese companies that will shape the future of the tech industry: My week in Beijing, “ZD Net” (May, 2016). Web. http://www.zdnet.com/article/7-chinese-companies-that-will-shape-the-future-of-the-tech-industry-my-week-in-beijing/
• Human Rights Watch. World Report, China (2015). Web. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2015/country-chapters/china-and-tibet
• International Institute for Management Development (IMD). Competitiveness Yearbook for 2002. Web. http://www1.american.edu/initeb/fl9577a/IT%20S&W.htm
• International Institute for Management Development (IMD). World Competitiveness Yearbook for 2015, no. 2. Web. http://icegec.hu/download/publications/imd_icegec_pr-2015_eng.pdf
• International Institute for Management Development (IMD). World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2017. Web. https://www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/release-2017/world_digital_competitiveness_yearbook_2017.pdf
• International Monetary Fund, Staff Discussion Note. Corruption: Costs and Mitigating Strategies. Washington: International Monetary Fund (May, 2016). Web. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2016/sdn1605.pdf
• Johnson, Christopher K., Ernest Z. Bower, Victor D. Cha, Michael J. Green, and Matthew P. Goodman. Decoding China’s Emerging ‘Great Power’ Strategy in Asia, “China File” (June, 2014). Web. http://www.chinafile.com/library/reports/decoding-chinas-emerging-great-power-strategy-asia
• Johnson, Nathanael. China just said what the U.S. never has: Eat less meat, “Grist” (May, 2016). Web. http://grist.org/food/china-just-said-what-the-u-s-never-has-eat-less-meat/
• Kazianis, Harry J. Missing missile mystery: What the Pentagon report on China’s military didn’t tell you, “Asia Times” (May, 2016). Web. http://atimes.com/2016/05/missing-missile-mystery-what-the-pentagon-report-on-chinas-military-didnt-tell-you/
• Kennan, George F. The Charge in the Soviet Union to the Secretary of State [“The Long Telegram”] (February, 1946). Web. http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/coldwar/documents/episode-1/kennan.htm
• Li, Alice Shan, and Florence Yean Yng Ling. Using Sun Tzu’s Military Strategies to Achieve Competitiveness in China, “Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice,” no. 139.1 (January, 2013), pp. 42–50.
• Li, Xin. China’s coal-to-gas output to disappoint next year, “Interfax Global Energy Natural Gas Daily” (September, 2014). Web. http://interfaxenergy.com/gasdaily/article/13654/chinas-coal-to-gas-output-to-disappoint-next-year
• Lim, Benjamin Kang. Beijing blasts Pentagon report on Chinese military as damaging trust, “Reuters” (May, 2016). Web. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-idUSKCN0Y602Y
• Ling, Florence Yean, and Yu Gui. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats: Case Study of Consulting Firms in Shenzhen, China, “Journal of Construction Engineering Management,” no. 135.7 (July, 2009), pp. 628–636. Web. http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CO.1943–7862.0000003
• Lockie, Alex. The US Navy has a new trick up its sleeve, and it could be a game changer, “Business Insider” (May, 2016). Web. http://www.businessinsider.com/the-us-navy-has-a-new-trick-up-its-sleeve-and-it-could-be-a-game-changer-2016–5
• Martina, Michael. CHINA: Mattis’ comments on the South China Sea are a ‘mind-soothing pill’ that have ‘dispersed the clouds of war’, “Business Insider” (February, 2017). Web. http://www.businessinsider.com/r-china-welcomes-mattis-emphasis-on-south-china-sea-diplomacy-2017–2?IR=T
• Mathieson, Rosalind. Chinese Navy in South China Sea Draws U.S. Admiral’s Praise, Bloomberg.com (April, 2016). Web. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016–04–26/chinese-navy-in-south-china-sea-draws-u-s-admiral-s-praise
• Morison, Samuel Eliot, and Jonathan Parshall. Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions: May 1942–August 1942. Annapolis: U.S. Naval Institute Press (2010).
• National Committee on U.S. – China Relations (NCUSCR). “50 Years, 1966–2016,” (2016). Web. https://www.ncuscr.org/
• Office of the Secretary of Defense. Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China. Washington: U.S. Department of Defense (April, 2015): 4. Web. http://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2015_China_Military_Power_Report.pdf
• $1 Trillion Exits China in 2015, “City Weekend: Shenzhen” (January, 2016). Web. http://www.cityweekend.com.cn/shenzhen/article/1-trillion-exits-china-2015
• Pei, Minxin. China’s Middle Class Is About to Demand Big Changes, “Fortune” (May, 2016). Web. http://fortune.com/2016/05/26/china-middle-class-changes/
• Perumal, Prashanth. Everyone has got China’s debt problem all wrong, “Business Insider” (January, 2017). Web. http://www.businessinsider.com/the-real-problem-with-chinas-corporate-debt-load-2017–1?IR=T
• Pesek, William. What Is China’s Biggest Weakness?, “Bloomberg” (June, 2014). Web. http://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2014–06–02/what-is-china-s-biggest-weakness
• Pestano, Andrew V. U.S. Navy deploys aircraft carrier to South China Sea, United Press International (UPI), (February, 2017). Web. http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2017/02/19/US-Navy-deploys-aircraft-carrier-to-South-China-Sea/9751487509604/
• <<海南省海口市琼华村强拆，恶警暴打电击妇女儿童，谁来救救我们1>> [“Qionghua Village Haikou, Hainan demolitions, the guards beat shock women and children, Come Help Us” 1] (April, 2016). Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDpnueukNuQ
• Rielage, Dale C. Chinese Navy Trains, Takes Risks, “Proceedings: Journal of the U.S. Naval Institute,” no. 142.5 (May, 2016), p. 1359. Web. http://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2016–05/chinese-navy-trains-and-takes-risks
• Riley, Charles. Chinese firm abandons bid for gigantic Australian ranch, “CNN Frontiers” (May, 2016). Web. http://money.cnn.com/2016/05/03/news/australia-china-kidman-ranch-sale-terminated/index.html?sr=nl_qmb_050316_australiachinaranchsaleterminated
• Rosen, Kenneth, Arthur Margon, Randall Sakamoto, John Taylor. Breaking Ground: Chinese Investment in U.S. Real Estate. San Francisco: Asia Society. (May, 2016). Web. http://asiasociety.org/files/uploads/66files/Asia%20Society%20Breaking%20Ground%20Complete%20Final.pdf
• Roumeliotis, Greg, and Matthew Miller. China’s Anbang abandons $14 billion bid to buy Starwood Hotels, “Reuters” (April, 2016). Web. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-starwood-hotels-m-a-anbang-idUSKCN0WX2PE
• Schwab, Klaus (ed.) The Global Competitiveness Report (2015): 14. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Web. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2014–15.pdf
• Scutt, David. China’s rising middle class will create opportunities the world has never seen before, “Business Insider” (May, 2015). Web. http://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-rising-middle-class-will-create-opportunities-the-world-has-never-seen-before-2015–5?IR=T
• Song, Keehong, and Allison Cui. Understanding China’s Middle Class, “China Business Review” (January, 2009). Web. http://www.chinabusinessreview.com/understanding-chinas-middle-class/
• Sonowane, Vishakha. Is China A Threat? Beijing Tells US To Stop Threatening war Over South China Sea, “International Business Times” (February, 2017). Web. http://www.ibtimes.com/china-threat-beijing-tells-us-stop-threatening-war-over-south-china-sea-2497183
• Stevenson, Robert Louis. Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. London: Longmans, Green & Co. (1886).
• Swearingen, Jake. A U.S. Carrier Strike Group Is Sailing Around the South China Sea, “Popular Mechanics” (March, 2016). Web. http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-ships/news/a19784/you-do-not-want-to-be-in-the-south-china-sea-right-now/
• Tan, Huileng. Chinese tourists buy Uniqlo, Coach plus makeup, vitamins and milk powder, CNBC.com. (March, 2016). Web. http://www.cnbc.com/2016/03/14/chinese-tourists-buy-uniqlo-coach-plus-makeup-vitamins-and-milk-powder.html
• Transparency International. Corruption Perceptions Index, (2015). Web. http://www.transparency.org/cpi2015#results-table
• Varandani, Suman. Will China Go To War Over South China Sea? Structures To House Surface-To-Air Missiles Near Completion, “International Business Times” (22 Feb. 2017). Web. http://www.ibtimes.com/will-china-go-war-over-south-china-sea-structures-house-surface-air-missiles-near-2495700
• Wang, Tianyi, and Tao Li. Making votages in accordance with authorized strength to let ship Captains ‘fly solo’, “JieFangJunBao” [People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Daily] (September, 2015), p. 4.
• Wong, Edward. China Wants to Be a Climate Change Watchdog, but Can It Lead by Example?, “The New York Times” (January, 2017). Web. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/10/world/asia/china-wants-to-be-a-climate-change-watchdog-but-cant-yet-lead-by-example.html?action=click&contentCollection=Asia%20Pacific&module=RelatedCoverage&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article
• Wong, Edward. Chinese Search for Infant Formula Goes Global, “The New York Times” (July, 2013). Web. http://www.nytime“s.com/2013/07/26/world/asia/chinas-search-for-infant-formula-goes-global.html?_r=0
• Xie, Heng, LiantingTu, & Jun Luo. China Toxic Debt Solution Has One Big Problem, “Bloomberg News” (June, 2016). Web. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016–06–02/china-toxic-debt-solution-has-one-big-problem-as-banks-buy-npls
• Zaimov, Stoyan. Church Leader, Whose Wife Was Buried Alive by Chinese Authorities, Wins Land Rights, “The Christian Post” (April, 2016). Web. http://www.christianpost.com/news/church-leader-whose-wife-was-buried-alive-by-chinese-authorities-wins-land-rights-163016/#IpsfWFSeYZa2cqlt.99

Identifiers

DOI

10.18778/1641-4233.22.02