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2018 | 40 | 1 | 180-211

Article title

Filozoficzne korzenie konfliktu między Marksem a Bakuninem

Authors

Content

Title variants

EN
The Philosophical Roots of the Marx-Bakunin Conflict

Languages of publication

Abstracts

EN
This essay explores the underlying philosophical differences separating Marxism and anarchism by examining the specific philosophies of Marx and Bakunin. The conflicting philosophical foundations of these two philosophers reveal why there were irreconcilable political and strategic differences between them, even though both were members of the First International and both were equally dedicated to the abolition of capitalism.Bakunin, for example, posited humans as basically natural creatures with permanently fixed natures while for Marx humans have been evolving throughout history, becoming more rational in the process, and thus exhibiting different human natures in different historical periods. Accordingly, both authors adopted starkly different conceptions of freedom, where Bakunin sought to identify freedom with acting according to natural impulses while Marx defined it in terms of conscious, rational collective action.With these contrasting philosophical foundations Marx and Bakunin proceeded to outline incompatible theories of the State and diverging strategies in abolishing it; they disagreed on who would be most likely to lead a revolutionary upheaval; and they differed on what organizational forms would be needed to accomplish their revolutionary aims.

Year

Volume

40

Issue

1

Pages

180-211

Physical description

Dates

published
2018

Contributors

author
  • San Francisco State University

References

  • Bakunin, Michał, 1950, Marxism, Freedom and the State, London: Freedom Press.
  • Bakunin, Michał, 1972, Statism and Anarchy, [w:] Shatz, Marshall (red.), The Essential Works of Anarchism, New York/Chicago: Bantam Books.
  • Bakunin, Michał, 2012, Bóg i państwo, Poznań: Bractwo Trojka. Dolgoff, Sam (red.), 1972, Bakunin on Anarchy, New York: Vintage Books.
  • Doyle, Kevin, 1995, Noam Chomsky on Anarchism, Marxism & Hope for the Future, „Red and Black Revolution”, 2.
  • Eltzbacher, Paul, 1960, Anarchism, Exponents of the Ancient Philosophy, New York: sine loco.
  • Hegel, G.W.F., 2002, Fenomenologia ducha, przeł. Ś.F. Nowicki, Warszawa: Fundacja Aletheia.
  • Joll, James, 1980, The Anarchists, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Kenafick, K.J., 1948, Michael Bakunin and Karl Marx, Melbourne: A. Maller.
  • Lehning, Arthur (red.), 1973, Michael Bakunin, Selected Writings, London: Jonathan Cape.
  • Marks, Karol, 1949, Osiemnasty brumaire'a Ludwika Bonaparte, Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • Marks, Karol, 1960, W kwestii żydowskiej, [w:] Marks, Karol i Engels, Fryderyk, Dzieła, t. 1, Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • Marks, Karol, 1961, Święta rodzina, przeł. T. Kroński, S. Filmus, [w:] Karol Marks, Fryderyk Engels, Dzieła, t. 2, Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • Marks, Karol, 1966a, Przyczynek do krytyki ekonomii politycznej, przeł. E. Lipiński, [w:] Marks, Karol i Engels, Fryderyk, Dzieła, t. 13, Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • Marks, Karol, 1966b, Wprowadzenie do krytyki ekonomii politycznej, przeł. A. Bal, [w:] Marks, Karol i Engels, Fryderyk, Dzieła, t. 13, Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • Marks, Karol, 1968, Kapitał, t. I, [w:] Marks, Karol i Engels, Fryderyk, Dzieła, t. 23, Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • Marks, Karol, 1972, The Conspectus of Bakunin’s Book State and Anarchy, [w:] Marks, Karol, Engels, Fryderyk, Lenin, Włodzimierz, Anarchism and Anarcho-Syndicalism, Moskwa: Progress Publishers.
  • Marks, Karol, 1973, Grundrisse, Middlesex: Penguin.
  • Marks, Karol, 1977, Selected Writings, McLellan, David [red.], Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Marks, Karol, 1983, Kapitał. Krytyka ekonomii politycznej, t. 3, przeł. E. Lipiński, [w:] Marks, Karol i Engels, Fryderyk, Dzieła, t. 25, cz. 1, Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • Marks, Karol, 1984, Kapitał. Krytyka ekonomii politycznej, t. 3, księga trzecia, przeł. J. Maliniak, [w:] Marks, Karol i Engels, Fryderyk, Dzieła, t. 25, cz. 2, Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • Marks, Karol i Engels, Fryderyk, 1968, Selected Works, New York: sine loco.
  • Marks, Karol i Engels, Fryderyk, 1975a, Ideologia niemiecka, przeł. K. Błeszyński, S. Filmus, Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • Marks, Karol i Engels, Fryderyk, 1975b, Selected Correspondence, Moskwa: Progress Publishers.
  • Marks, Karol, Engels, Fryderyk, 1976, Collected Works, t. 6, New York: Progress Publishers.
  • Marks, Karol, Engels, Fryderyk, 1978, Collected Works, t. 10, New York: Progress Publishers.
  • Marks, Karol, Engels, Fryderyk, 1984, Alians Demokracji Socjalistycznej a Międzynarodowe Stowarzyszenie Robotników, [w:] Marks, Karol, Engels, Fryderyk, Lenin, Włodzimierz, O anarchizmie i anarchosyndykalizmie, Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • Maximoff, G. P. [red.], 1953, The Political Philosophy of Bakunin: Scientific Anarchism, Glencoe: The Free Press of Glencoe.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
18797135

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_18778_1689-4286_40_10
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