Environmental crime predictors and the spatial distribution of crime. The case of stare Baluty in Lodz, Poland

• Authors: Stanisław Mordwa , Patrycja Laskowska
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The article refers to various studies on the creation of safe spaces as well as works on the influence of land-use on the distribution of crime in urban space. The goal of the study is to identify places and facilities which constitute a potential threat to safety and impact the spatial distribution of crime. An analysis of relationships between various types of crime predictors and the spatial distribution of crimes at the address-level has also been made. The most important conclusion drawn from the study is that the distribution of crime predictors strongly impacts the presence of crime in their direct vicinity and this influence on crime gradually lessens as the distance increases. The influence of such crime predictors as honeypots and public facilities on attracting crime as well as movement predictors and conflicts of land use on repelling crime was determined.

Keywords

EN

urban crime; environmental crime predictors; crime location quotient; Lodz; Poland

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
• Journal: Space – Society – Economy
• Year: 2020
• Issue: 31
• Pages: 121-136

Dates

published

2020-09-21

Contributors

author

Stanisław Mordwa

• University of Lodz Faculty of Geographical Sciences Institute of the Built Environment and Spatial Policy Kopcińskiego Street 31, 90-142 Lodz

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7254-0933

author

Patrycja Laskowska

References

• Armitage R., Monchuk L., 2009, 1999 to 2009: Re­evaluating Secured by Design Ten Years On, “Proceedings of International Design Out Crime Conference, ‘What’s Up Doc’”: 1–16, http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/7915/ (access: 11.02.2020).
• Badziak K., 2017, Historyczne Bałuty do wybuchu I wojny światowej, [in:] Szymański M.J., Staniszewska D., Kochelski T. (eds.), Bałuty – legenda i rzeczywistość, Muzeum Miasta Łodzi, Łódź: 7–50.
• Boessen A., Hipp J.R., 2018, Parks as Crime Inhibitors or Generators: Examining Parks and the Role of Their Nearby Context, “Social Science Research”, 76: 186–201.
• Ceccato V., Uittenbogaard A.C., 2014, Space-Time Dynamics of Crime in Transport Nodes, “Annals of the Association of American Geographers”, 104 (1): 131–150.
• Colquhoun I., 2004, Design Out Crime: Creating safe and sustainable communities, Architectural Press, Burlington.
• Crowe T., 2000, Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: Applications of Architectural Design and Space Management Concepts, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston.
• Czarnecki B., 2011, Przestrzenne aspekty przestępczości. Metoda identyfikacji czynników zagrożeń w przestrzeni miejskiej, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej, Białystok.
• Day P., Breetzke G., Kingham S., Campbell M., 2012, Close proximity to alcohol outlets is associated with increased serious violent crime in New Zealand, “Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health”, 36 (1): 48–54, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2012.00827.x
• Groff E., McCord E.S., 2012, The role of neighborhood parks as crime generators, “Security Journal”, 25 (1): 1–24.
• Gruenewald P.J., Freisthler B., Remer L., LaScala E.A., Treno A., 2006, Ecological models of alcohol outlets and violent assaults: Crime potentials and geospatial analysis, “Addiction”, 101 (5): 666–677.
• Jacobs J., 1961, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Random House, New York.
• Lin Y.-L., Yen M.-F., Yu L.-C., 2018, Grid-Based Crime Prediction Using Geographical Features, “ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information”, 7 (8): 298, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7080298
• Matijosaitiene I., Stankevice I., Velicka V., 2016, Why are the public transport stops unsafe?, [in:] COST Action TU1203: Crime prevention through urban design and planning, COST Office, Brussels: 15–21.
• Matijosaitiene I., Zhao P., Jaume S., Gilkey J.W., 2019, Prediction of Hourly Effect of Land Use on Crime, “ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information”, 8 (1): 16, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8010016
• Mordwa S., 2011, Kradzieże w przestrzeni Łodzi, “Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica”, 11: 187–206.
• Mordwa S., 2013, Przestępczość i poczucie bezpieczeństwa w przestrzeni miasta. Przykład Łodzi, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.
• Mordwa S., 2015, Techniki GIS – w poszukiwaniu hot spotów przestępczości, „Archiwum Kryminologii”, 37: 279–302, https://doi.org/10.7420/AK2015I
• Newman O., 1972, Defensible Space. Crime Prevention Through Urban Design, The Macmillan Company, New York.
• Ratcliffe J.H., 2004, Geocoding crime and a first estimate of a minimum acceptable hit rate, “International Journal of Geographical Information Science”, 18 (1): 61–72, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810310001596076
• Ristea A., Kurland J., Resch B., Leitner M., Langford C., 2018, Estimating the Spatial Distribution of Crime Events around a Football Stadium from Georeferenced Tweets, “ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information”, 7 (2): 43, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7020043
• Roncek D.W., Bell R., 1981, Bars, blocks, and crimes, “Journal of Environmental Systems”, 11 (1): 35–47.
• Roncek D.W., Faggiani D., 1985, High Schools and Crime: A Replication, “The Sociological Quarterly”, 26 (4): 491–505.
• Roncek D.W., Maier P.A., 1991, Bars, Blocks, and Crimes Revisited Linking the Theory of Routine Activities to the Empiricism of “Hot Spots”, “Criminology”, 29 (4): 725–753.
• Safer Places. The Planning System and Crime Prevention, 2004, Home Office, London, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/7784/147627.pdf (access: 3.07.2020).
• Shepley M., Sachs N., Sadatsafavi H., Fournier C., Peditto K., 2019, The Impact of Green Space on Violent Crime in Urban Environments: An Evidence Synthesis, “International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health”, 16 (24): 5119, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245119
• Snowden A.J., 2019, Exploring violence: The role of neighborhood characteristics, alcohol outlets, and other micro-places, “Social Science Research”, 82: 181–194.
• Sygulski M., 2003, Historia Bałut, vol. 1: Kolonizacja, Ameba, Łódź.
• Sygulski M., 2006, Historia Bałut, vol. 2: Osada fabryczna Bałuty Nowe: Ludność, zabudowa, posesje 1857–1915 (1939), Ameba, Łódź.
• Sypion-Dutkowska N., 2014, Uwarunkowania przestrzenne przestępczości w wielkim mieście w ujęciu GIS (na przykładzie Szczecina), „Studia KPZK PAN”, 159: 2–122.
• Sypion-Dutkowska N., Leitner M., 2017, Land Use Influencing the Spatial Distribution of Urban Crime: A Case Study of Szczecin, Poland, “ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information”, 6 (3): 74, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030074
• Taylor R.B., Haberman C.P., Groff E.R., 2019, Urban Park Crime: Neighborhood Context and Park Features, “Journal of Criminal Justice”, 64: 101622.
• Toomey T.L., Erickson D.J., Carlin B.P., Lenk K.M., Quick H.S., Jones A.M., Harwood E.M., 2012, The association between density of alcohol establishments and violent crime within urban neighborhoods, “Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research”, 36 (8): 1468–1473, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01753.x
• Walicki J., 2016, Bałuty. Szkic historyczny, [in:] Radziszewska K., Krynicka N. (eds.), Jisroel Rabon: Bałuty. Powieść o przedmieściu, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź: 145–175.
• Wang F., Hu Y., Wang S., Li X., 2017, Local Indicator of Colocation Quotient with a Statistical Significance Test: Examining Spatial Association of Crime and Facilities, “The Professional Geographer”, 69 (1): 22–31.
• Yue H., Zhu X., Ye X., Guo W., 2017, The Local Colocation Patterns of Crime and Land-Use Features in Wuhan, China, “ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information”, 6 (10): 307, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6100307

Identifiers

DOI

10.18778/1733-3180.31.07