Praca w NGO jako (re)produkcja statusu klasowego. Na przykładzie organizacji zwalczających prostytucję w jednej z indyjskich metropolii

• Authors: Anna Romanowicz

Title variants

Praca w NGO jako (re)produkcja statusu klasowego. Na przykładzie organizacji zwalczających prostytucję w jednej z indyjskich metropolii

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

Artykuł jest oparty na etnograficznych badaniach terenowych i dotyczy działalności organizacji pozarządowych zwalczających prostytucję i sex-trafficking w jednej z indyjskich metropolii. Autorka twierdzi, że pracownicy organizacji konstruują obraz swoich beneficjentów jako ofiar patriarchalnej opresji w celu podkreślania dystynkcji klasowych pomiędzy nimi samymi (członkami klas średnich) a beneficjentami (członkami klas niższych). Dokonuje także analizy postrzegania Innego spoza systemu NGOsów. Na tej podstawie postuluje ona rozszerzenie granic orientalizmu (Buchowski 2006), gdzie Inny wpisywany jest nie tyle w dychotomię geografii wyobrażeniowej na linii „Wschód–Zachód” (Said 1979), ale jest konstruowany właśnie w oparciu o dystynkcje klasowe (Buchowski 2006).

EN

The article is based on ethnographic fieldwork and is concerned with non-governmental organizations fighting against prostitution and sex-trafficking in one of Indian metropolises. The author claims that employees of these NGOs picture their beneficiaries as victims of patriarchal oppression in order to (re)create the distinction between themselves (members of the middle classes) and the beneficiaries (members of lower classes). She also analyses the perception of the Others outside of NGO environment. Furthermore, she postulates extension of orientalism (Buchowski 2006), where the Other is not inscribed in the dichotomy of imaginative geography along the line of „East-West” (Said 1979), but is being (re)constructed based on class distinctions (Buchowski 2006).

Keywords

PL

organizacje pozarządowe; klasy średnie; rozwój; prostytucja; Indie; organizacje pozarządowe; klasy średnie; rozwój; prostytucja; Indie

EN

non-governmental organizations; middle classes; development; prostitution; India

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
• Journal: Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej
• Year: 2018
• Volume: 14
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 98-113

Dates

published

2019-05-30

Contributors

author

Anna Romanowicz

• Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Instytut Etnologii i Antropologii Kulturowej, ul. Gołębia 9, 30-007 Kraków

References

• Annual (2011) Report by the Ministry of Home Affairs. Delhi: India [dostęp 6 maja 2013]. Dostępny w Internecie: mha.nic.in/AnnualReports.
• Boserup Ester (1970) Woman’s role in economic development. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
• Buchowski Michał (2006) The Specter of Orientalism in Europe: From Exotic Other to Stigmatized Brother. „Anthropological Quarterly”, vol. 79, s. 463–482.
• Burawoy Micheal (2000) Global ethnography: forces, connections, and imaginations in a postmodern world. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Datta Bishakha (2008) Not a sob story: representing the realities of sex work in India [w:] Geetanjali Misra, Radhika Chandirmami, eds., Sexuality, gender, rights. Exploring theory and practice in South and Southeast Asia. New Delhi, Thousand Oaks, London: Sage Publications, s. 260–266.
• Desai Neera (2008) From accommodation to articulation: women’s movement in India [w:] Mary E. John, ed., Women’s studies in India: a reader. New Delhi: Penguin Books, s. 23–27.
• Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee (1997) Sex Workers’ Manifesto [dostęp 12 stycznia 2015]. Dostępny w Internecie: http://www.nswp.org/sites/nswp.org/files/Sex%20Workers%20Manifesto%20--%20Meeting%20in%20India.pdf.
• Edwards Micheal, Hulme David (1996) Non-governmental organizations performance and accountability: beyond the magic bullet. London: Earthscan.
• Escobar Arturo (1995) Encountering development: the making and unmaking of the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Fisher William F. (1997) Doing Good? The Politics and Antipolitics of NGO Practices. „Annual Review of Anthropology”, vol. 26, s. 439–464.
• Fowler Alan (2000) Civil society, NGDOs and development: changing the rules of the game. Genewa: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva, s. 589–598.
• Gangoli Geetanjoli (2007) Indian feminisms law, patriarchies and violence in India. Aldershot: Ashgate.
• Gangoli Geetanjoli (2008) Immorality, hurt and choice: Indian feminists and prostitution [w:] Rohini Sahni, Kalyan V. Shankar, Helmant Apte, eds., Prostitution and beyond: an analysis of sex workers. Los Angeles: Sage, s. 54–72.
• Ingold Tim (2014) That’s enough about ethnography! „HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory”, vol. 4, no. 1, s. 383–395.
• Jacquette Jane S., Staudt Kathleen (2007) Women, Gender and Development [w:] Jane S. Jacquette, Gale Summerfield, eds., Women and Gender Equity in Development Theory and Practice. Institutions, Resources and Mobilization. Durham, London: Duke University Press, s. 17–52.
• Jakimow Tanya (2010). Developmental Anthropology. „The Australian Journal of Anthropology”, vol. 21, s. 275–276.
• Jandhyala Kameshwari (2001) State Initiatives. „Seminar – web edition” [dostęp 4 stycznia 2017], s. 1–9. Dostępny w Internecie: http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/state_initiatives.pdf.
• Kamat Sangeeta (2003) The NGO phenomenon and political culture in the Third World. „Development”, vol. 46, no. 1, s. 88–93.
• Kilby Patrick (2011) NGOs in India the challenges of women’s empowerment and accountability. Milton Park: Routledge.
• Menon Nividita (1999) Gender and Politics in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
• Menon Nividita, Nigam Aditya (2007) Power and contestation: India since 1989. Halifax: Fernwood Pub.
• Mohanty Chandra T. (1984) Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses. „Boundary 2”, vol. 12/13, s. 333–358.
• Mohanty Chandra T. (1991) Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses [w:] Chandra T. Mohanty, Ann Russo, Loudres Torres, eds., Third World women and the politics of feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, s. 51–80.
• Omvedt Gail (2011) Women’s Movement: some ideological debates, [w:] Maitrayee Chaudhuri, ed., Feminism in India. New Delhi: Kali for Women & Women Unlimited, s. 177–186.
• O’Reilly Kathleen (2004) Developing Contradictions: Women’s Participation as a Site of Struggle Within an Indian NGO. „The Professional Geographer”, vol. 56, s. 174–184.
• Raymond Janice G. (2013) Not a choice: exposing the myths about prostitution and the global sex trade. Washington: Potomac Books.
• Romanowicz Anna (2017) Unintended revolution. Middle class, development and non-governmental organizations. Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press.
• Said Edward (1979) Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
• Saunders Kriemild (2002) Towards a Deconstructive Post-Development Criticism [w:] Kriemild Saunders, ed., Feminist Post-Development Thought. Rethinking Modernity, Postcolonialism & Representation. London: Zed Books, s. 1–40.
• Sen Ilina (2011) Women’s politics in India [w:] Maitrayee C haudhuri, ed., Feminism in India. New Delhi: Kali for Women & Women Unlimited, s. 187–210.
• Sen Siddhartha (1999) Some Aspects of State–NGO Relationships in India in the Post-Independence Era. „Development and Change”, vol. 30, no. 2, s. 327–355.
• Sharma Aradhna (2008) Logics of empowerment development, gender, and governance in neoliberal India. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
• Small Mario (2009) How many cases do I need? „Ethnography”, vol. 10, s. 5–38.
• Srivastava Sanjay (2007) Passionate modernity: sexuality, gender, class and consumption in India. Delhi: Routledge.
• Survey (2009) Survey on non-profit institutions in India – some findings. Delhi, India: Central Statistical Organization.
• Tambe Anagha (2008) Different issues/different voices: organization of women in prostitution in India [w:] Rohini Sahni, Kalyan V. Shankar, Helmant Apte, eds., Prostitution and beyond: an analysis of sex workers. Los Angeles: Sage, s. 73–100.
• Tinker Irene (2004) Introduction: Ideas into Action [w:] Arvonne S. Fraser, Irene Tinker, eds., Developing Power. How Women Transformed International Movement. New York: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York, s. 1–3.
• UNODC (2014) [dostęp 5 września 2014]. Dostępny w Internecie: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/what-is-human-trafficking.html?ref=menuside#What_is_Human_Trafficking.

Identifiers

DOI

10.18778/1733-8069.14.1.05