Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2017 | 20 | 5 | 141-153

Article title

Utilitarianism: Doctrinal analysis evolution of thought

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
Utilitarianism as an innovative and original stream of ethical and political thought has enriched the philosophical discourse of the last three centuries. Utilitarian thinkers claim that maximization of pleasure correlated with minimization of pain is the correct way to create an objective catalog of rules or behaviors that result in the formation of the highest utility for a society and its individuals. From a methodological perspective, there are differences among the utilitarian philosophers on issues such as: happiness, pleasure or utility guide to diametrical disaccord on an ethical or institutional area. The present analysis of the utilitarian thought represents some of the interesting differences in interpretation of this doctrine. However, utilitarianism does not include logical or intellectually strong arguments for the protection of an individual’s rights against the interest of people at large. Thus, this doctrine during the 18th and the 19th centuries postulated the political egalitarianism. Nowadays, utilitarianism has lost its strong ethical position. In the past, utilitarianism was a political instrument to protect most of the people in a society from an arbitrary reigning of small elite groups. In recent times, this thought legitimizes the coercion of the majority will regardless of the fact that other smaller groups may have different political views. Such thinking allows to objectify the individual man which is only identified with instrumentality to maximization of utility. The author analyzes the writings of Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill and Herbert Spencer, and compares their doctrines with the scientific literature and forwards a basic thesis on the universal principles of utilitarianism. The author argues that the actual rules of political ethics under conditions of limitation theory of utility append the law of inviolability of the natural rights of an individual.

Year

Volume

20

Issue

5

Pages

141-153

Physical description

Dates

published
2019-02-12

Contributors

  • University of Lodz, Faculty of Law and Administration, Department of Political and Legal Doctrines

References

  • Berlin, I. (1969). Four essays of liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Boaz, D. (2005). Libertarianizm. Poznań: Zysk i S-ka.
  • Copleston, F. (1989). Historia filozofii (Vol. VIII). Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy PAX.
  • Górecki, O. (2010). Korelacja etyki z gospodarką w etyce Herberta Spencera. Annales. Ethics in Economic Life, 13(2), 59–69.
  • Gray, J. (1994). Liberalizm. Kraków: Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak.
  • Häyry, M. (1994). Liberal utilitarianism and applied ethics. London: Routledge Press.
  • Hofstadter, R. (1945). Social Darwinism in American thought 1860–1915. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Hołówka, J. (1995). Wstęp. In J. S. Mill, O rządzie reprezentatywnym. Kraków: Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak.
  • Hudzik, J. P., (2002). Wykłady z filozofii polityki, Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej.
  • Kasprzyk, L. (1961). Idee społeczno-polityczne Herberta Spencera. Kraków: Stenotypia.
  • Kasprzyk, L. (1967). Spencer. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Wiedza Powszechna.
  • Kelly, P. (2007). Liberalizm. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Sic!
  • Kowalczyk, S. (1995). Liberalizm i jego filozofia. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Unia.
  • Król, M. (2008). Filozofia polityczna. Kraków: Znak.
  • Kwaśnicki, W. (2000). Historia myśli liberalnej. Warszawa: Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne.
  • Kymlicka, W. (2009). Współczesna filozofia polityczna. Warszawa: Aletheia.
  • Ludwikowski, R., & Woleński, J. (1979). J.S. Mill. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Wiedza Powszechna.
  • MacIntyre, A. (2000). Krótka historia etyki. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
  • Mill, J. S. (1995). O rządzie reprezentatywnym. Kraków: Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak.
  • Mill, J. S. (2005). Utylitaryzm. O wolności. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
  • Quinton, A. (1989). Utilitarian ethics. London: Gerald Duckworth.
  • Rau, Z. (2000). Liberalizm. Zarys myśli politycznej XIX i XX w. Warszawa: Aletheia.
  • Rau, Z. (2008). Zapomniana wolność. W poszukiwaniu historycznych podstaw liberalizmu. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
  • Rosenblum, N. L. (1978). Bentham’ theory of the modern state. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Sheng, C. L. (1991). A new approach to utilitarianism. A unified utilitarian theory and its application to distributive justice. London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Sheng, C. L. (1998). A utilitarian general theory of value (Value Inquiry Book Series, Vol. 61). Amsterdam: Brill Rodopi.
  • Spencer, H. (1851). Social statics, or the conditions essential to human happiness specified, and the first of them developed. London: John Chapman.
  • Spencer, H. (2002). Jednostka wobec państwa. Warszawa: Liber.
  • Szahaj, A., & Jakubowski, M. N. (2005). Filozofia polityki. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
  • Środa, M. (2003). Indywidualizm i jego krytycy. Warszawa: Aletheia.
  • Taylor, M. W. (2000). Men versus the state. Herbert Spencer and late Victorian individualism. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Tulejski, T. (2004). Od zasady użyteczności do demokracji. Filozofia polityczna Jeremy Benthama. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
  • Vardy, P., & Grosch P. (1995). Etyka. Poglądy i problemy. Poznań: Zysk i S-ka.
  • White, S. (2008). Równość. Warszawa: Sic!
  • Wroczyński, R. (2002). Wstęp. In H. Spencer, O wychowaniu umysłowym, moralnym i fizycznym. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Żak.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_18778_1899-2226_20_5_11
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.