Unintentional transport of fungi propagules to Antarctic biome and the ability to develop at low temperatures

• Authors: Anna Augustyniuk-Kram

Title variants

PL

Niezamierzony transport propaguli grzybów pleśniowych do biomu Antarktyki a zdolność rozwoju w niskich temperaturach

• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Filamentous fungi relatively easily disperse and colonize a variety of substrates, inhabiting various, often extreme environments. Therefore, they spread all over the world. The purpose of the research was to determine whether the propagules of filamentous fungi brought (accidentally transported) into the Antarctic biome by tourists and members of scientific expeditions are capable of developing at low temperatures. In the studies were used seven isolates of fungi: Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride, Geotrichum candidum and Botrytis cinerea. The isolates came from samples collected from tourists and members of scientific expeditions arriving at the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station on King George Island in the South Shetland archipelago. Fungal growth was measured at 0, 5, 10, 22°C (as a control) and 10° C, but after having frozen inoculum at -15°C for a period of 7 days. Penicillium sp., Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride, Geotrichum candidum and Botrytis cinerea were found to be capable of growing at low temperatures (5 and 10oC as well as after one freezing cycle, down to -15oC and thawing, up to +10oC). They did not produce a macroscopically visible mycelium at temp. 0oC, however, it was not a lethal temperature for them, as when they were transferred to higher temperatures, they continued to develop even after a fairly long time following the beginning of the experiment. The most vulnerable was Aspergillus flavus. At lower temperatures (from about to 5oC) it did not develop, while freezing and thawing were lethal for this species. Some species (G. candidum, T. viride and B. cinerea), despite the development of mycelium, did not produce spores at lower temperatures.

PL

Obecność człowieka w Antarktyce to przede wszystkim działalność naukowa, ale również w ostatnim czasie wzmożony ruch turystyczny. Sprzyja to inwazji obcych gatunków flory i fauny, a także mikroorganizmów, mogących zagrażać gatunkom rodzimym. Grzyby pleśniowe będące przedmiotem badań zaliczane są do organizmów kosmopolitycznych, łatwo rozprzestrzeniających się i zasiedlających różnorodne środowiska, w tym również ekstremalnie zimne, takie jak rejony polarne. Organizmy te, by skutecznie skolonizować nowe środowisko oprócz żywotnych propagul i skutecznych mechanizmów transportu muszą być zdolne do wzrostu i reprodukcji w ekstremalnych warunkach. Celem badań było określenie czy propagule grzybów pleśniowych zawleczone (przypadkowo przetransportowane) do biomu Antarktyki przez turystów i członków wypraw naukowych są zdolne do rozwoju w niskich temperaturach. Badane grzyby (Penicillium sp., Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride, Geotrichum candidum i Botrytis cinerea) były zdolne do rozwoju w niskich temperaturach (5 i 10oC oraz po jednym cyklu zamrożenia do -15oC i odmrożenia do +10oC). Nie wytwarzały makroskopowo widocznej grzybni w temp. 0oC, lecz nie była to dla nich temperatura letalna, ponieważ po przeniesieniu do wyższych temperatur podejmowały wzrost nawet po dosyć długim czasie od rozpoczęcia eksperymentu Najbardziej wrażliwy okazał się A. flavus. Przy niższych temperaturach (od 0 do 5oC) nie rozwijał się, natomiast zamrożenie i odmrożenie było dla tego gatunku letalne. Niektóre gatunki (G. candidum, T. viride i B. cinerea) mimo rozwoju grzybni, w niższych temperaturach nie produkowały zarodników.

Keywords

EN

Antarctic; microscopic fungi; foreign species

PL

Antarktyka; grzyby mikroskopowe; gatunki obce; Antarktyka; grzyby mikroskopowe; gatunki obce

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
• Journal: Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
• Year: 2020
• Volume: 18
• Issue: 5
• Pages: 271-281

Dates

published

2020-12-31

Contributors

author

Anna Augustyniuk-Kram

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Identifiers

DOI

10.21697/seb.2020.18.5.24