Dose-dependent relationship between prenatal exposure to fine particulates and exhaled carbon monoxide in non-asthmatic children. A population-based birth cohort study

• Authors: Wiesław A. Jędrychowski , Umberto Maugeri , John Spengler , Elżbieta Mróz , Elżbieta Flak , Maria Klimaszewska-Rembiasz , Ryszard Jacek , Agata Sowa

Abstracts

EN

Objectives: The main goal of the study was to assess possible association between fetal exposure to fi ne particulate matter ($\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$) and exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) measured in non-asthmatic children. Material and Methods: The subjects include 118 children taking part in an ongoing population-based birth cohort study in Kraków. Personal samplers of $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ were used to measure fi ne particle mass in the fetal period and carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaled breath from a single exhalation effort at the age of 7. In the statistical analysis of the effect of prenatal $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ exposure on eCO, a set of potential confounders, such as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), city residence area, sensitization to house dust allergens and the occurrence of respiratory symptoms monitored over the seven-year follow-up was considered. Results: The level of eCO did not correlate with the self-reported ETS exposure recorded over the follow-up, however, there was a positive signifi cant relationship with the prenatal $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ exposure (non-parametric trend p = 0.042). The eCO mean level was higher in atopic children (geometric mean = 2.06 ppm, 95% CI: 1.58–2.66 ppm) than in non-atopic ones (geometric mean = 1.57 ppm, 95% CI: 1.47–1.73 ppm) and the difference was statistically signifi cant (p = 0.036). As for the respiratory symptoms, eCO values were associated positively only with the cough severity score recorded in the follow-up (nonparametric trend p = 0.057). In the nested multivariable linear regression model, only the effects of prenatal $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ and cough severity recorded in the follow-up were related to eCO level. The prenatal $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ exposure represented 5.1%, while children’s cough represented only 2.6% of the eCO variability. Conclusion: Our study suggests that elevated eCO in non-asthmatic children may result from oxidative stress experienced in the fetal period and that heme oxygenase (HO) activity in body tissues may be programmed in the fetal period by the exposure to fi ne particulate matter.

Keywords

EN

exhaled CO; prenatal exposure; fine particulate matter; healthy non-asthmatic children

• Publisher: Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
• Journal: International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 26
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 73-82

Dates

published

2013

Contributors

author

Wiesław A. Jędrychowski

• Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

author

Umberto Maugeri

• Institute for Clinical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pavia, Italy

author

John Spengler

• Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

author

Elżbieta Mróz

• Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

author

Elżbieta Flak

• Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

author

Maria Klimaszewska-Rembiasz

• Municipal Children’s Hospital, Kraków, Poland

author

Ryszard Jacek

• Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

author

Agata Sowa

• Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/S13382-013-0076-4

Biblioteka Nauki

2179792