Zmartwychwstanie, odpłata po śmierci i życie wieczne w literaturze międzytestamentalnej

• Authors: Marek Parchem
• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

The belief in resurrection, judgment of individuals and reward after death was introduced into Judaism in the context of apocalypticism in the books of Enoch (The Book of the Watchers: l Enoch 22.24-27; The Animal Apocalypse: l Enoch 90,33; The Letter of Enoch: l Enoch 91,10; 92,3; 104,2-6) and Daniel. Especially Dan 12,1-3 was inspired. There was a considerable variety in the forms of the belief in the resurrection of the dead in the intertestamental literature. The hope for resurrection and judgment beyond death was one of the crucial elements of the apocalyptic writings, but was spreading also to other Jewish groups in the second century B.C. (cf. Jubilees 23,31; T. Judah 25,1-5, T. Benjamin l 0,5-1 O; T. Zebulun l O, 1-3). The evidence of Qumran is ambiguous (e.g. l Q H). 4QPseudo-Ezechiel (4Q385) contains a description of bodily resurrection, but it is uncertain whether this document was composed at Qumran. A clear attestation of resurrection is found in 4QMessianic Apocalypse (= 4Q521). The major sectarian documents place great emphasis on retribution after death and eternal life (e.g. lQS; 1Q34; 4Ql81). The belief in resurrection, judgment of the dead, exaltation of the righteous and punishment of the wicked was widespread in Judaism by the first century CE (e.g. 4 Ezra 4,35-42; 7,32-37; 14,35; 2 Baruch 49-51; The Book of the Parables: l Enoch 46,6; 48,10; 51,1-2; 62,15-16; Ps. Sol. 2,30-31; 3,11-12; Sib Or 4,179-182).

Keywords

PL

apokaliptyka; zmartwychwstanie; odpłata; wieczność; życie wieczne; 1 Henoch; Henoch; literatura międzytestamentalna; apokryfy

• Publisher: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
• Journal: Verbum Vitae
• Year: 2009
• Volume: 15
• Pages: 99-142

Dates

published

2015-10-27

Contributors

author

Marek Parchem

Identifiers

DOI

10.31743/vv.1510