The Cyrillo-Methodian tradition is one of the most important elements of cultural identity of Slavic peoples. The (hi)story about the oeuvre of SS. Cyril and Methodius has been used for the various - religious and political - purposes since the Middle Ages, however its particular significance was noticed and emphasized during the process of imagining Slavic nations in the 19th century. Since then, the Cyrillo-Methodian tradition has served as a proof of the unique contribution to the development of the Slavic civilization and as such - became a subject of a peculiar intra-Slavic competition. The palm of priority seems to belong to Bulgarians, however the claims have been also raised by (Northern) Macedonians and Slovaks. On the other hand, the mission of SS. Cyril and Methodius and their disciples was focused on the spiritual welfare of Slavic peoples, so it was also successfully incorporated for the needs of the concept of mutual Slavic cooperation, even Pan-Slavic ideology. Nowadays, proclaimed as the patrons of Europe by the Pope John Paul II, the Slavic Enlighteners are becoming a symbol of dialogue and understanding in the united Europe. Nevertheless, in some circles, they are still perceived exclusively as figures that belong to the Eastern-Orthodox Church, which is often understood from the Russian perspective.