How Far Are We from Income Parity in Agriculture? Evidence from Poland (2004–2019)

• Authors: Aleksandra Pawłowska , Renata Grochowska

Title variants

PL

Ile dzieli nas od parytetu dochodowego w rolnictwie? Perspektywa historyczna Polski (2004–2019)

Abstracts

PL

Wspólna polityka rolna Unii Europejskiej (WPR) ma na celu zapobieganie zbyt niskim dochodom wśród rolników oraz problemom spowodowanym okolicznościami naturalnymi i gospodarczymi, które determinują alokację czynników produkcji i osłabienie sektora poprzez mechanizmy rynkowe. Niniejsze badanie pozwoliło sprawdzić, w jaki sposób zmiany w priorytetach i instrumentach polityki wpłynęły na dysproporcje w dochodach w sektorze rolnym. W związku z tym, że każdy instrument ma inny wpływ na dochody, wzięto pod uwagę wszystkie płatności WPR i zastosowano metodę generalised propensity score, aby zminimalizować błąd selekcji. Wyniki wskazują, że początkowo gospodarstwa, które nie otrzymywały dopłat, radziły sobie lepiej niż te, które otrzymywały niewielkie dopłaty. Zwiększanie wsparcia finansowego stało się jednak z czasem konieczne, aby osiągnąć parytet między rolnictwem a innymi sektorami gospodarki. Pomimo ostatnich zmian w polityce i zwiększonego wsparcia różnice w dochodach nie zostały jeszcze wyeliminowane.

EN

The European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) aims to prevent income insufficiency among farmers, a problem rooted in both natural and economic constraints that determine the allocation of production factors and the sector’s depreciation through market mechanisms. Our study examines how changes in policy priorities and instruments have influenced income disparity in the agricultural sector. Since each instrument impacts income differently, we considered all CAP payments and applied the Generalised Propensity Score method to minimise selection bias. Our findings indicate that unsubsidised farms initially outperformed those receiving minimal subsidies. Over time, however, increased financial support became essential to sustaining income parity between agriculture and other economic sectors. Despite recent policy changes and increased support, full income parity has yet to be achieved.

Keywords

PL

dochód; gospodarstwo rolne; polityka rolna; analiza kontrfaktyczna

EN

income; farm; agricultural policy; counterfactual analysis

• Publisher: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
• Journal: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
• Year: 2025
• Volume: 322
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 49-69

Dates

published

2025

Contributors

author

Aleksandra Pawłowska

• Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000000189643624

author

Renata Grochowska

• Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute, Poland

• https://orcid.org/000000020102953X

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Identifiers

DOI

10.33119/GN/202285

Biblioteka Nauki

62051761