Policy diffusion in federal systems during a state of emergency: diffusion of COVID-19 statewide lockdown policies across the United States

• Authors: Sharon Elhadad , Udi Sommer

Title variants

PL

Dyfuzja polityki publicznej w systemach federalnych podczas stanu wyjątkowego. Upowszechnianie polityki lockdownu podczas pandemii COVID-19 w Stanach Zjednoczonych

Abstracts

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia ujednolicony model dyfuzji polityki publicznej w celu analizy szybkości przyjmowania stanowych polityk lockdownu w systemie federalnym podczas pandemii COVID-19. Został tu zbudowany zmodyfikowany ujednolicony model w celu lepszego zrozumienia dyfuzji polityki publicznej w kontekstach, w których istniejące modele nie spełniają oczekiwań. Wyróżniono trzy główne kanały dyfuzji polityki publicznej: regionalny, wertykalny i wewnętrzny. Artykuł zawiera empiryczny test modelu na przykładzie Stanów Zjednoczonych i stwierdza, że efekty wertykalne, takie jak wyższe oceny poparcia dla prezydenta Donalda Trumpa, a także stosunkowo wysoki udział federalnego wsparcia finansowego na walkę z COVID-19, mają silny pozytywny związek z szybkością przyjmowania lockdownu. Ponadto ważne są również pewne efekty wewnętrzne - wyższe oceny akceptacji gubernatorów są pozytywnie powiązane z szybkością polityki przyjmowania lockdownu w całym stanie, podobnie jak wydatki stanowe i lokalne, demokratyczne rządy i świadomość ludności na temat wirusa. Jednak inne czynniki wewnętrzne, takie jak rygorystyczne stanowe polityki lockdownu i względny odsetek zgonów z powodu COVID-19 na poziomie stanowym, były minimalnie związane z szybkością przyjmowania polityki lockdownów. Co zaskakujące, w przeciwieństwie do wcześniejszych badań, horyzontalne efekty regionalne nie odegrały znaczącej roli w analizie - szybkość przyjmowania polityki lockdownu przez sąsiednie państwa nie ma związku z tempem przyjmowania lockdownu w całym kraju. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, wyniki sugerują silny wpływ czynników politycznych na szybkość wdrażania polityki lockdownu w Stanach Zjednoczonych na poziomie stanowym.

EN

This paper develops a unified model of policy diffusion to analyze the speed of adoption of statewide lockdown policies within a federal system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The modified unified model was built to improve our understanding of policy diffusion in contexts where existing models fall short. The authors highlight three main policy diffusion channels: regional, vertical, and internal. The paper shows the empirical test of the model across US states and finds that vertical effects, such as higher approval ratings for President Donald Trump, as well as a comparatively high proportion of COVID-19 federal funding support, bear a strong positive association with the speed of statewide lockdown adoption policies. In addition, certain internal effects are also important - higher governor approval ratings are positively associated with the speed of statewide lockdown adoption policies, as are state and local spending, democratic state governments, and population awareness of the virus. However, other internal factors, such as the stringency of statewide lockdown policies and the relative proportion of COVID-19 deaths in a state, were minimally associated with the speed of lockdown policy adoption. Surprisingly, unlike past studies, horizontal regional effects did not play a significant role in the presented analysis - the speed of adoption of lockdown policies by neighboring states bears no association with the speed of policy adoption of statewide lockdowns. Overall, the results suggest a strong influence of political factors on the speed of statewide lockdown adoption policies in the US.

Keywords

EN

COVID-19; policy diffusion; policy styles; crisis management; United States

PL

COVID-19; dyfuzja polityki publicznej; style polityki publicznej; zarządzanie kryzysowe; Stany Zjednoczone

• Publisher: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
• Journal: Studia z Polityki Publicznej
• Year: 2022
• Volume: 9
• Issue: 1(33)
• Pages: 55-82

Dates

published

2022

Contributors

author

Sharon Elhadad

• University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Izrael

• https://orcid.org/0000000273293882

author

Udi Sommer

• University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Izrael

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Identifiers

DOI

10.33119/KSzPP/2022.1.3

Biblioteka Nauki

2054018