Biblia jako źródło do badań nad kontaktami handlowymi świata grecko-rzymskiego z południową i wschodnią Azją

• Authors: Szymon Modzelewski

Title variants

EN

The Bible as a research source on trade between the Graeco-Roman World and South and East Asia

Abstracts

EN

The Bible mentions several luxury goods (sapphire, emerald, carnelian, topaz, silk, ivory, spikenard, cinnamon, amomum) that were imported by the Roman Empire from South and East Asia via various routes during the 1st-4th centuries CE. The list of goods that appear in the pages of the New Testament testifies to the sound understanding of economic realities that were displayed by the biblical authors and corresponds to the knowledge of Rome's trade contacts with Asian countries.

Keywords

EN

Roman Empire; India; Asia; trade; sapphire; emerald; carnelian; topaz; silk; ivory; cinnamon; amomum; spikenard; Bible

PL

Biblia; Cesarstwo Rzymskie; Indie; Azja; handel; szafir; szmaragd; karneol; topaz; jedwab; kość słoniowa; cynamon; amomum; nard

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych. Instytut Historyczny
• Journal: Studia Antiquitatis et Medii Aevi Incohantis
• Year: 2023
• Volume: 8
• Pages: 5-26

Dates

published

2023

Contributors

author

Szymon Modzelewski

• Muzeum Historyczno-Archeologiczne w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim

• https://orcid.org/0000000257737690

References

• Arnott R., 2022: Crossing Continents: Between India and the Aegean from Prehistory to Alexander the Great, Oxford–Havertown.
• Beck L.Y., 2017: Preface, [w:] Pedanius Dioscorides of Anazarbus: De Materia Medica, red. L.Y. Beck, Hildesheim–Zürich–New York, 22–28.
• Benjamin C., 2018: Empires of Ancient Eurasia: The First Silk Roads Era, 100 BCE–250 CE, Cambridge.
• Bishop M.C., Coulston J.C.N., 2006: Roman Military Equipment: From the Punic Wars to the Fall of Rome, Oxford.
• Bose S., 2020: Mega Mammals in Ancient India: Rhinos, Tigers, and Elephants, Oxford.
• Bunta S.N., 2011: In Heaven or on Earth: A Misplaced Temple Question about Ezekiel’s Visions, [w:] With Letters of Light: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Early Jewish Apocalypticism, Magic and Mysticism in Honor of Rachel Elior, red. D.V. Arbel, A.A. Orlov–Berlin–New York, 28–44.
• Burstein S.M., 1996: Ivory and Ptolemaic Exploration of the Red Sea: The Missing Factor, „Topoi (Lyon)” 6.2, 799–807.
• Carter R.A., 2012: Watercraft, [w:] A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, red. D.T. Potts, Malden–Oxford, 347–372.
• Casson L., 1989 a: Introduction, [w:] The Periplus Maris Erythraei, tłum. L. Casson, Princeton, 5–48.
• Casson L., 1989 b: General Commentary, [w:] The Periplus Maris Erythraei, tłum. L. Casson, Princeton, 94–243.
• Cersci Marrone G., Pettenò E., 2010: Supellex ex plumbo: Laminae Concordienses: Le laminette commerciali da Iulia Concordia, „Atti dell’Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti” 168, 43–110.
• Chauhan N. S., 1999: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Himachal Pradesh, New Delhi.
• De Romanis F., 2020: The Indo-Roman Pepper Trade and the Muziris Papyrus, Oxford.
• Ehrman B.D., 2008: The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings, Oxford–New York.
• Ekers K.L., 2008: Strabo, [w:] Brill’s New Pauly. Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World: Antiquity, XIII, red. H. Cancik, H. Schneider, C.F. Salazar, Leiden–Boston, 865‒869.
• Evers K.G., 2017: Worlds Apart Trading Together: The Organisation of Long-Distance Trade Between Rome and India in Antiquity, London.
• Fiensy D.A., 2014: Christian Origins and the Ancient Economy, Eugene.
• Frachetti M.D., Rouse L.M., 2012: Central Asia, the Steppe, and the Near East, 2500–1500 BC, [w:] A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, red. D.T. Potts, Malden–Oxford, 687–705.
• Garrison M.B., 2012: Antiquarianism, Copying, Collecting, [w:] A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, red. D.T. Potts, Malden–Oxford, 27–47.
• Gawlikowski M. 2017: Indian Trade between the Gulf and the Red Sea, „ Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean: Annual of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw” 26.2, 15–30.
• Gilboa A., Namdar D., 2015: On the Beginnings of South Asian Spice Trade with the Mediterranean Region: A Review, „Radiocarbon” 57.2, 265–283.
• Giuliani G., Chaussidon M., Schubnel H. J., Piat D.H., Rollion-Bard C., France-Lanord C., Giard D., de Narvaez D., Rondeau B., 2000: Oxygen Isotopes and Emerald Trade Routes Since Antiquity, „Science” 287 (5453), 631–633.
• Goffer Z., 2006: Archaeological Chemistry, Hoboken.
• Green S.J., 2018: Grattius: Hunting an Augustan Poet, Oxford.
• Helwing B., 2012: The Iranian Plateau, [w:] A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, red. D.T. Potts, Malden–Oxford, 501–511.
• Hirt A.M., 2010: Imperial Mines and Quarries in the Roman World: Organizational Aspects 27 BC–AD 235, Oxford.
• Hofender A., 2017: Die antiken literarischen Zeugnisse zum ferrum Noricum, [w:] Die Produktion von ferrum Noricum am Hüttenberger Erzberg. Die Ergebnisse der interdisziplinären Forschungen auf der Fundstelle Semlach/Eisner in den Jahren 2006– 2009, red. B. Cech, Graz, 1–25.
• Howard M.C., 2014: Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies: The Role of Cross-Border Trade and Travel, Jefferson.
• Jørgensen L.B., 2013: The Question of Prehistoric Silks in Europe, „Antiquity” 87, 581–588.
• Karampelas S., Kiefert L., Bersani D., Vandenabeele P., 2020: Gems and Gemmology: An Introduction for Archaeologists, Art-Historians and Conservators, Cham.
• Koester C.R., 2014: Revelation: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, New Haven–London.
• Kolendo J., 1981: À la recherche de l’ambre baltique. L’expédition d’un chevalier romain sous Néron, Warszawa.
• Kunwar R.M., Bussmann R.W., Paniagua-Zambrana N.Y., 2021: Nardostachys grandiflora DC, [w:] Ethnobotany of the Himalayas, red. R.M. Kunwar, H. Sher, R.W. Bussmann, Cham, 1345–1347.
• Kytzler D., 2005: Horatius Flaccus, Quintus, [w:] Brill’s New Pauly. Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World: Antiquity, VI, red. H. Cancik, H. Schneider, C.F. Salazar, Leiden–Boston, 486–493.
• Lapatin K.D.S., 2001; Chryselephantine Statuary in the Ancient Mediterranean World, Oxford.
• Marengo S., 1989: Etichette plumbee ed altro instrumentum iscritto su metallo da varie località del Maceratese, „Picus. Studi e ricerche sulle Marche nell'Antichità” 9, 35–63.
• Margariti C., Kinti M., 2014: The Conservation of a 5th-Century BC Excavated Textile Find from the Kerameikos Cemetery at Athens, [w:] Greek and Roman Textiles and Dress: An Interdisciplinary Anthology, red. M. Harlow, M.L. Nosch, Oxford–Philadelphia, 130–149.
• Moorey P.R.S., 1994: Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries, Oxford–New York.
• Naudé J.A., Miller-Naudé C.L., 2020: The Septuagint Translation as the Key to the Etymology and Identification of Precious Stones in the Bible, „HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies” 76.4, 1–17.
• Pikulska-Radomska A., 2016: Species pertinentes ad vectigal, czyli co miał na myśli Aelius Marcianus, [w:] Nil nisi veritas. Księga dedykowana Profesorowi Jackowi Matuszewskiemu, red. M. Głuszak, D. Wiśniewska-Jóźwiak, Łódź, 51–60.
• Possehl G.L., 2012: India’s Relations with Western Empires: 2300–600 BC, [w:] A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, red. D.T. Potts, Malden–Oxford, 758–769.
• Quigley J.A., 2021: Divine Accounting: Theo-Economics in Early Christianity, New Haven–London.
• Rapp G., 2009: Archaeomineralogy, Berlin–Heidelberg.
• Resseguie J.L., 1998: Revelation Unsealed: A Narrative Critical Approach to John’s Apocalypse, Leiden–Boston–Köln.
• Sallmann K., 2007: Plinius Secundus C. (Pliny the Elder), [w:] Brill’s New Pauly. Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World: Antiquity, XI, red. H. Cancik, H. Schneider, C.F. Salazar, Leiden–Boston, 383–390.
• Sidebotham S.E., 2019: Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route, Berkeley–Los Angeles–London.
• Simpson S.J., 2020: Etched or Bleached? Traded or Copied? Comments on the Dating and Distribution of a Distinctive Type of Decorated Carnelian Bead found from India to Eurasia from the Early 1st Millennium BC to the Early Medieval Period, [w:] Masters of the Steppe: The Impact of the Scythians and Later Nomad Societies of Eurasia, red. S.V. Pankova, S.J. Simpson, Oxford, 525–543.
• Tchernia A., 1995: Moussons et monnaies: les voies du commerce entre le monde gréco-romain et l’Inde, „Annales (HSS)” 50.5, 991–1009.
• Thundy Z.P., 1993: Buddha and Christ: Nativity Stories and Indian Traditions, Leiden.
• Totelin L.M.V., 2009: Hippocratic Recipes: Oral and Written Transmission of Pharmacological Knowledge in Fifth- and Fourth-Century Greece, Leiden.
• Truffaut E. 2008: Ferrum Noricum am Hüttenberger Erzberg – besonderes Erz oder besonderes Know-how?, [w:] Die Produktion von Ferrum Noricum am Hüttenberger Erzberg. Die Ergebnisse der interdisziplinären Forschungen auf der Fundstelle Semlach/Eisner in den Jahren 2003–2005, red. B. Cech, Wien, 251–271.
• Uden J., 2015: The Invisible Satirist: Juvenal and Second-century Rome, Oxford.
• Van der Veen M., 2011: Consumption, Trade and Innovation: Exploring the Botanical Remains from the Roman and Islamic Ports at Quseir Al-Qadim, Egypt, Frankfurt am Main.
• Van der Veen M., Morales J., 2015: The Roman and Islamic Spice Trade: New Archaeological Evidence, „Journal of Ethnopharmacology” 167, 54–63.
• Van der Veen M., Bouchaud Ch., Cappers R., Newton C., 2018: Roman Life in the Eastern Desert of Egypt: Food, Imperial Power and Geopolitics, [w:] The Eastern Desert of Egypt during the Greco-Roman Period: Archaeological Reports [online], red. J.-P. Brun, T. Faucher, B. Redon, S. Sidebotham, dostępne: http://books.openedition.org/cdf/5252, Paris, 1–42.
• Warmington E.H., 1974: The Commerce Between the Roman Empire and India, Delhi.
• Wickramasinghe C., 2018: A Study of Anthropological and Ethnographical Information in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, „Indian Historical Review” 45.1, 151–167.
• Ziółkowski A., 2004: Historia Rzymu. Poznań.
• Żuchowska M., 2013: From China to Palmyra: The Value of Silk, „Światowit: Rocznik Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego” 11 (52)/A, 133-154.

Identifiers

DOI

10.34616/samai.2023.8.5.26

Biblioteka Nauki

26731677