Judicial Disobedience, Justice Lemuel Shaw and Commonwealth v. Aves

• Authors: Jerzy Zajadło

Title variants

PL

Sędziowskie nieposłuszeństwo, sędzia Lemuel Shaw i sprawa Commonwealth v. Aves

Abstracts

EN

The main purpose of this paper is the analysis of the notion “judicial disobedience”. The author describes two aspects (individual and institutional) and compare them with civil disobedience. The problem is presented in a paradigmatic manner upon the example of case law of American courts relating to slavery in the period of half of the century preceding the outbreak of the Civil War. Based on this, the author constructs a typology assuming four possible opinions of an adjudicating judge based on provisions of law, which are contrary to the judge’s conscience and morality. In this paper the problem is described upon the example of Justice Lemuel Shaw, Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court from 1830 to 1860. However special attention is paid to his judgment in case Commonwealth v. Aves., but his another verdicts have been mentioned as well.

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza pojęcia „nieposłuszeństwo sędziowskie”. Autor opisuje dwa aspekty problemu (indywidualny i instytucjonalny) i porównuje je z nieposłuszeństwem obywatelskim. Zagadnienie jest zaprezentowane w sposób paradygmatyczny na przykładzie orzecznictwa sądów amerykańskich w sprawach niewolnictwa w okresie poprzedzającym wybuch wojny secesyjnej. W oparciu o to autor konstruuje typologię czterech możliwych postaw sędziów orzekających na podstawie ustawy sprzecznej z ich sędziowskim sumieniem i systemem moralnym. W artykule zaprezentowano ten problem na przykładzie sędziego Lemuela Shawa, przewodniczącego Sądu Najwyższego stanu Massachusetts w latach 1830-1860. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono wprawdzie jego wyrokowi w sprawie Commonwealth v. Aves, ale wspomniane są także inne interesujące orzeczenia.

Keywords

EN

judicial disobedience; slavery; American courts; Lemuel Shaw; Commonwealth v. Aves

PL

sędziowskie nieposłuszeństwo; niewolnictwo; sądy amerykańskie; Lemuel Shaw; Commonwealth v. Aves

• Publisher: Stowarzyszenie Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej – Sekcja Polska IVR
• Journal: Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej
• Year: 2022
• Issue: 3(32)
• Pages: 103-113

Dates

published

2022

Contributors

author

Jerzy Zajadło

• Uniwersytet Gdański

• https://orcid.org/0000000231139828

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Identifiers

DOI

10.36280/AFPiFS.2022.3.103

Biblioteka Nauki

2140802