Skuteczność filtracji dzbankowej w zmiękczaniu wody wodociągowej i usuwaniu chloru

• Authors: Gabriela Kamińska , Ewa Puszczało , Anna Marszałek

Title variants

EN

Performance of jug filtration in tap water softening and chlorine removal

Abstracts

EN

Water hardness, taste, smell, and color are the most important tap water parameters for consumers. Microbiological and physicochemical parameters of tap water should not exceed the permissible values listed in Regulation of Ministry of Health on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Tap water parameters are regularly monitored, however periodically, deviations are allowed, which make it possible to supply water that does not meet the requirements of quality standards. Such a situation causes that consumers have doubts about the health safety of the supplied water. The organoleptic properties of the water such as taste, smell and color can be easily improved at home using jug filters. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of eight inexpensive and easily available jug water filters to soften and remove chlorine from water. Filters were labeled with symbols A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H. Experiments were performed with model water, which was prepared from drinking water taken directly from a sink and spiked with hypochlorite sodium. The hardness of model water was 7.5 mval/L, while free chlorine concentration was equaled 1.1 mg/L. 200 L of model water was filtered by each filter in duplicates. It was found that jug filtration is an effective method for removal of chlorine from water, provided that a use of proper filter. Although, all used filters are dedicated to removal of chlorine from water, not all of them represented a sufficient removal of chlorine. Filters A, B and C were the most effective for chlorine removal. For these filters, chlorine concentration was reduced to the value of 0.075 mg/L. Moreover, for filters A, B, C and E, the concentration of chlorine in the filtrates remained relatively similar throughout the entire experiment. Filters D and H represented the poorest efficiency of chlorine removal. Concentration of chlorine in these filtrates exceeded permissible value recommended by Regulation of Ministry of Health. Among eight studied filters (i.e. 0.3 mg/L), filters A and B are considered as the most effective for water softening. Generally, the efficiency of jug filtration in water softening was at mediocre level and decrease in time. It could have been caused by the high initial hardness of tap water in Gliwice. In the case of very hard water, more often than recommended by the manufacturers replacing the filter cartridges is recommended.

Keywords

PL

filtry dzbankowe; woda wodociągowa; twardość wody; chlor

EN

jug filters; tap water; water hardness; chlorine

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Bielsko-Bialski
• Journal: Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering
• Year: 2022
• Volume: 4(24)
• Pages: 13-20

Dates

published

2022

Contributors

author

Gabriela Kamińska

• Silesian University of Technology

• https://orcid.org/0000000279929888

author

Ewa Puszczało

• Silesian University of Technology

author

Anna Marszałek

• Silesian University of Technology

• https://orcid.org/0000000169311083

References

• Barnaby R., Liefeld A., Jackson B.P., Hampton T.H., Stanton B.A. 2017. Effectiveness of table top water pitcher filters to remove arsenic from drinking water. Environmental Research, 158, 610–615.
• Chaffin J.D., Fox E.L., Nauman C.A., Slodysko K.L. 2019. The ability of household pitcher-style water purifiers to remove microcystins depends on filtration rate and activated carbon source. Water Supply, 19, 336–345.
• Gizińska M., Pytka A., Skwarzyńska A., Micek A., Jóźwiakowski K., Marzec M. 2019. Porównanie skuteczności działania i żywotności filtrów dzbankowych do wody. Technologia wody, 2, 25–29.
• Jamsheer-Bratkowska M., Stankiewicz A., Skotak K., Bratkowski J. 2010. Twardość wody w krajowych wodociągach publicznych w świetle współczesnych poglądów na znaczenie zdrowotne składników mineralnych wody. Technologia wody, 6, 26–32.
• Kamińska G., Żabczyński S., Ober J.P., Karwot J., Kuzior A., Puszczało E., Pieczykolan B., Barbusiński K., Kudlek E., Dudziak M., Płonka I., Wyczarska-Kokot J., Banach-Wiśniewska A., Cema G., Ćwiertniewicz-Wojciechowska M., Gamoń F., Gutwiński P., Surmacz-Górska J., Tomaszewski M., Ziembińska-Buczyńska A., Gnida A., Marciocha D., Choiński D., Metzger M., Nocoń W., Pośpiech J., Skupin P., Przystaś W., Willner J., Fornalczyk A., Przypis M., Gruszka A., Gillner D. 2021. Gospodarka wodno-ściekowa oraz biotechnologia środowiskowa. [W:] Ochrona klimatu i środowiska, nowoczesna energetyka (red. S. Werle, J. Ferdyn-Grygierek, M. Szczygieł). Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice, MGW PIB, Warszawa, 161–229.
• Puszczało E., Kudlek E., Marszałek A. 2019. Ocena skuteczności pracy filtrów przelewowych. Proceedings of Ecopole, 13, 155–162.
• Puszczało E., Marszałek A. 2020. Problem wtórnego zanieczyszczenia wody w województwie śląskim. Proceedings of Ecopole, 14, 129–134.
• Puszczało E., Marszałek A., Kamińska G. 2021. Application of jug filters for the treatment of model well water. Desalination and Water Treatment, 242, 31–37.
• Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia dnia 7 grudnia 2017 r. w sprawie jakości wody przeznaczonej do spożycia przez ludzi. Dz.U. 2017, poz. 2294.
• Stan Sanitarny Kraju za 2020 rok. Witryna Głównego Inspektora Sanitarnego https://www.gov.pl/web/gis/stan-sanitarny-kraju-w-2020-roku (dostęp 02 VIII 2022 r.).
• Stankiewicz A., Jamsheer-Bratkowska M., Maziarka D. 2018. Wysoka twardość wody przeznaczonej do spożycia a jej bezpieczeństwo dla zdrowia w świetle współczesnych badań. Instal, 12, 52–54.
• Woda 2015. Jakość wody w opinii mieszkańców Gdańska i Sopotu. Raport z badań. Uniwersytet Gdański. Witryna https://docplayer.pl/28233214-Woda-jakosc-wody-w-opinii-mieszkancowgdanska-i-sopotu-raport-z-badan-uniwersytet-gdanski-pracownia-realizacji-badansocjologicznych.html (dostęp 02 VIII 2022 r.).

Identifiers

DOI

10.53052/pjmee.2022.4.02

Biblioteka Nauki

2163402