Sudhana’s Encounter with the Lumbinī-vana Goddess, according to the Gaṇḍavyūhasūtra

• Authors: Marek Mejor

Abstracts

EN

Two themes are presented in this paper: one concerns the name of the place where, according to tradition, the future Buddha was born, Lumbinī-vana, and the other is devoted to the figure of the forest goddess who assisted at the birth, Lumbinī-vana-devatā. The briefly presented survey of the relevant texts attempts to show the increasing role for the Lumbinī grove deity, culminating in chapter 42 of the Gaṇḍavyūhasūtra.

Keywords

EN

Buddhist literature; biography of the Buddha; Lumbinī; Gaṇḍavyūhasūtra; story of Sudhana

• Publisher: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych PAN
• Journal: Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
• Year: 2023
• Issue: 36
• Pages: 159-197

Dates

published

2023

Contributors

author

Marek Mejor

• Research Centre of Buddhist Studies, University of Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000000173533818

References

• Allinger, Eva 2008. “An Early Nepalese Gaṇḍavyūhasūtra Manuscript. An Attempt to Establish Connections Between the Text and the Illustrations”. [In:] Bautze-Picron, C., ed., Religion and Art. New Issues in Indian Iconography and Iconology, Volume 1 of the Proceedings of the European Association of South Asian Archaeology, London 2005. London: British Association for South Asian Studies, pp. 153–164.
• Aśokāvadāna. The Aśokāvadāna. Sanskrit Text Compared with Chinese Versions. Edited, annotated and partly translated by Sujitkumar Mukhopadhyaya. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1963.
• Bareau, André 1974. „La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sūtrapiṭaka et les Vinayapiṭaka anciens”, Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient 61: 199–274. https://doi.org/10.3406/befeo.1974.5196
• Bareau, André 1987. “Lumbinī et la naissance du futur Buddha”. Bulletin de l’Ecole française d’Extrême-Orient 76: 69‒81. https://doi.org/10.3406/befeo.1987.1717
• Bareau, André 2005. The Buddhist Sects of The Lesser Vehicle. Translated from the original French by Gelongma Migme Chodron. (Les Sectes Bouddhiques du Petit Véhicule 1955.)
• BHSD. Franklin Edgerton. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953.
• Cleary, Thomas 1993. The Flower Ornament Scripture. A Translation of The Avatamsaka Sutra. Boston, London: Shambhala Publications.
• Coningham, R. A. E., K. P. Acharya, K. M. Strickland, C. E. Davis, M. J. Manuel, I. A. Simpson, K. Gilliland, J. Tremblay, T. C. Kinnaird and D. C. W. Sanderson 2013. “The earliest Buddhist shrine: excavating the birthplace of the Buddha, Lumbini (Nepal)”. Antiquity 87(338): 1104‒1123. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00049899
• Cüppers, Christoph, Max Deeg and Hubert Durt, eds 2010. The Birth of the Buddha: Proceedings of the Seminar Held in Lumbini, Nepal, October 2004. LIRI Seminar Proceedings Series 3. Lumbini: Lumbini International Research Institute.
• Deeg, Max 2003. The Places Where Siddhārtha Trod: Lumbinī and Kapilavastu. Occasional Papers 3. Lumbinī: Lumbinī International Research Institute.
• DPPN. G. P. Malalasekera. Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names. 2 vols. London: John Murray, 1937‒1938.
• Durt, Hubert 2002. “The Pregnancy of Māyā: I. The Five Uncontrollable Longings (dohada)”. Journal of the International College for Advanced Buddhist Studies 5: 43‒66.
• Falk, Harry 1998. The Discovery of Lumbinī. Occasional Papers 1. Lumbinī: Lumbinī International Research Institute.
• Falk, Harry 2006. Aśokan Sites and Artefacts. A Source-Book with Bibliography. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern.
• Falk, Harry 2012. “The Fate of Aśoka’s Donations at Lumbinī”. [In:] Olivelle, Patrick, Janice Leoshko and Himanshu Prabha Ray, eds, Reimagining Aśoka ‒ Memory and History. New Delhi: Oxford India, pp. 204‒216.
• Falk, Harry 2017. “The Ashes of the Buddha”. Bulletin of the Asia Institute (New Series) 27, 2013 [2017]: 43‒75.
• Fontein, Jan 1967. The Pilgrimage of Sudhana. A study of Gaṇḍavyūha illustrations in China, Japan and Java. The Hague, Paris: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111562698
• Fontein, Jan 2012. Entering the Dharmadhātu. A Study of the Gaṇḍavyūha Reliefs of Borobudur. Studies in Asian Art and Archaeology 26. Leiden, Boston: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004223486
• Gv. Gaṇḍavyūha (1) Gaṇḍavyūhasūtram. Ed. by P. L. Vaidya. Buddhist Sanskrit Texts 5. Darbhanga: Mithila Institute, 1960. (2) The Gaṇḍavyūha sūtra. Ed. by Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki and Hokei Idzumi. Kyoto: The Sanskrit Buddhist Texts Publishing Society, 1934‒1936 (rev. ed. Tokyo 1949). (3) Translated from Tibetan, in: Roberts 2023. (4) Translated from Chinese, in: Cleary 1993: 1135‒1518.
• Hahn, Michael 1975. “Buddhacarita I, 1‒7 und 25‒40”. Indo-Iranian Journal 17(1‒2): 77‒96. https://doi.org/10.1163/000000075794742889
• von Hinüber, Oskar 2023. “Wrestling with the Mahāvastu: Struggling with Structure and Interpretation. A Critical Comment on Recent Researches on a Major Lokottaravāda Vinaya Text. (Review Article)”. Indo-Iranian Journal 66(1): 25–95. https://doi.org/10.1163/15728536-06504003
• Hodgson 2. Hodgson Manuscript No. 2: Gaṇḍavyūha, London: Royal Asiatic Society. https://royalasiaticcollections.org/ras-hodgson-ms-2-ga%e1%b9%87%e1%b8%8da-vyuha/ (accessed 5 May 2023).
• Jayawickrama, N. A. 2006. The Story of Gotama Buddha. Volume I: The Nidānakathā of the Jātakaṭhakathā. Translated by... Compiled and Printed by Department of Research & Compilation Sītagū Inernational Buddhist Academy, Sagaing Hills, Sagaing Myanmar.
• Johnston, E. H. 1936. The Buddhacarita Or Acts of the Buddha. Part II: Cantos i to xiv translated from the original Sanskrit supplemented by the Tibetan version together with an introduction and notes. Panjab University Oriental Publications 32. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press.
• Klimburg-Salter, Deborah E. 1997. Tabo, a Lamp for the Kingdom. Early Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Art in the Western Himalaya. New York: Thames & Hudson.
• Lamotte, Etienne 1988. History of Indian Buddhism: From the Origins to the Śaka Era. Louvain-la-Neuve: Université Catholique de Louvain.
• LV. Lalitavistara. Ed. by P. L. Vaidya. 2nd ed. Darbhanga: Mithila Institute, 1987.
• Marciniak, Katarzyna 2016. “The oldest palm-leaf manuscript of the Mahāvastu (MS Sa). A Paleographic Description”. Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology XIX: 125‒148.
• Marciniak, Katarzyna 2017. “The oldest paper manuscript of the Mahāvastu”. Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology XX: 103‒121.
• MSV_S I. The Gilgit Manuscript of the Saṅghabhedavastu, Being the 17th and Last Section of the Vinaya of the Mūlasarvāstivādin. Part I. Ed. by Raniero Gnoli and T. Venkatacharya. Roma: Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1977.
• Mv_J. Jones, J. J., The Mahāvastu, translated from the Buddhist Sanskrit. 3 vols. Sacred Books of the Buddhists 16, 18, 19. London: Luzac & Company, 1949, 1952, 1956.
• Mv_M II. Marciniak, Katarzyna. The Mahāvastu. A New Edition. Vol. II. Bibliotheca Philologica et Philosophica Buddhica XIV, 2. Tokyo: The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University, 2020.
• Mv_M III. Marciniak, Katarzyna. The Mahāvastu. A New Edition. Vol. III. Bibliotheca Philologica et Philosophica Buddhica XIV, 1. Tokyo: The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University, 2019.
• Mv_S. Le Mahāvastu, texte sanscrit publié pour la première fois et accompagné d’introductions et d’un commentaire, par Émile Senart. 3 vols. Collection d’ouvrages orientaux; Seconde série. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1882, 1890, 1897.
• MW. Monier Monier-Williams. A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1899.
• Nidānakathā. (1) Jātakatthavaṇṇanā. The Jātaka Together with its Commentary being Tales of the Anterior Births of Gotama Buddha. For the first time edited in the original Pāli by V. Fausbøll. Vol. I. London: Trübner, 1877. Repr.: London: Pali Text Society, 1962, pp. 2–94; (2) Trans. Jayawickrama 2006.
• Norman, K. R. 1992. The Group of Discourses (Suttanipāta). Vol. II. Revised Translation with Introduction and Notes. Oxford: Pali Text Society.
• Olivelle, Patrick 2008. Life of the Buddha by Ashvaghosha. The Clay Sanskrit Library 10. New York: New York University Press, JJC Foundation. [Buddhacarita, English & Sanskrit].
• Osto, Douglas 2009. “The Supreme Array Scripture: A New Interpretation of the Title ‘Gaṇḍavyūha-sūtra’”. Journal of Indian Philosophy 37(3): 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10781-008-9056-6
• Papañcasūdanī. Papañcasūdanī Majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathā of Buddhaghosâcariya. Ed. by J. H. Woods, D. Kosambi and I. B. Horner. 5 vols. London: Pali Text Society, 1922–1938.
• Rajendralal Mitra 1998. The Lalita-Vistara, Or Memoirs of the Early Life of Śākya Siṅha (Chs. 1‒15). Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica Series 190. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications. (Original ed. Calcutta 1881‒1886.)
• Roberts, Peter Alan, trans. 2023. “‘The Stem Array’ Chapter from the Mahāvaipulya Sūtra ‘A Multitude of Buddhas’”. https://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-45.html (accessed 26 August 2023). (Gaṇḍa-vyūha sūtra, Toh 44‒45). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, version v 1.0.23 (2023).
• Rockhill, W. Woodville 1884. The Life of the Buddha and the Early History of His Order, Derived from Tibetan Works in the Bkah-hgyur and Bstan-hgyur. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner. [Repr. 1994.]
• Saṃyutta Nikāya. Saṃyutta-Nikâya of the Sutta-Pitaka. Ed. by M. Léon Feer. 5 vols. London: Pali Text Society, 1884‒1898.
• Schlingloff, Dieter 1988. Studies in the Ajanta Paintings. Identifications and Interpretations. Delhi: Ajanta Publications.
• Schmithausen, Lambert 2009. Plants in Early Buddhism and the Far Eastern Idea of the Buddha-nature of Grasses and Trees. Lumbini: Lumbini International Research Institute.
• Shashibala, 2015. “Ten Stages of Enlightenment (Daśabhūmi) in the Journey of Sudhana in Indonesian and Chinese Art”, Ancient Silk Trade Routes. Selected Works from Symposium on Cross Cultural Exchanges and Their Legacies in Asia, Eds. Qin Dashu, Yuan Jian. World Scientific, [Singapore], pp. 237–267.
• Shaw, Miranda 2006. Buddhist Goddesses of India. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press.
• Shiri, Yael 2020. “From Royal Ideology to Religious Polemics. The Evolution of the Śākyan Tutelary Temple in South Asia”. Bulletin de l’École Française d’Extrême-Orient 106: 29–107. https://doi.org/10.3406/befeo.2020.6329
• Steinkellner, Ernst 1995. Sudhana’s Miraculous Journey in the Temple of the Ta pho. The inscriptional text of the Tibetan Gaṇḍavyūhasūtra edited with introductory remarks. Serie Orientale Roma LXXVI. Roma: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente.
• Steinkellner, Ernst 1996. A Short Guide to the Sudhana Frieze in the Temple of Ta pho. Published on the Occasion of the Monastery’s Millenium. Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien. Wien: Universität Wien.
• Stoye, Martina 2010. “The Deva with the Swaddling Cloth. On the Western Origins of Gandhāran Birth Iconography and Their Implications for the Textual and Art History of the Buddhist Saviour’s Nativity”. [In:] Cüppers et al. 2010: 157‒192.
• Strong, John S. 1989. The Legend of King Aśoka. A Study and Translation of the Aśokāvadāna. Buddhist Traditions 6. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
• Strong, John S. 2001. The Buddha. A Short Biography. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.
• Suttanipāta. Sutta-nipāta. Ed. by Dines Andersen and Helmer Smith. Pali Text Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1913. [Repr. 1948.]
• Thakur, Laxman S. 2006. Visualizing a Buddhist Sutra. Text and Figure in Himalayan Art. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673142.001.0001
• UNESCO 2013. The Sacred Garden of Lumbini. Perceptions of Buddha’s Birthplace. UNESCO.
• Waldschmidt, Ernst 1932. Bruchstücke buddhistischer Sūtras aus dem zentralasiatischen Sanskritkanon. Kleinere Sanskrit-Texte IV. Leipzig: Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, F. A. Brockhaus.
• Waldschmidt, Ernst 1951. Das Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra. Text in Sanskrit und Tibetisch, verglichen mit dem Pāli, nebst einer Übersetzung der chinesischen Entsprechung im Vinaya der Mūlasarvāstivādins. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
• Walshe, Maurice 1995. The Long Discourses of the Buddha. A Translation of the Dīgha Nikāya. Translated from the Pali by... Boston: Wisdom Publications.
• Warder, A. K. 2000. Indian Buddhism. 3rd revised ed. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. [Repr. 2008].
• Yuyama, Akira 2001. The Mahāvastu-Avadāna: In Old Palm-leaf and Paper Manuscripts, 2 vols. Vol. I: Palm-Leaf Manuscripts. Vol. II: Paper Manuscript. Bibliotheca Codicum Asiaticorum 15, 16. Tokyo: The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
• Zin, Monika 2018. The Kanaganahalli Stūpa. An Analysis of the 60 Massive Slabs Covering the Dome. New Delhi: Aryan Books International.

Identifiers

DOI

10.60018/AcAsVa.rqxj7382

Biblioteka Nauki

35047129