Students Under Stress (Why Are Cultural Differences Stressful?)

• Authors: Amir M. Maleki , Fariborz Rahimnia

Title variants

PL

Uczniowie w stresie (Dlaczego różnice kulturowe są stresujące?)

Abstracts

PL

Badania nad stresem akulturacyjnym (AS) są prowadzone od pięciu dekad, niemniej nadal wiemy niewiele na jego temat. Dodatkowo, do dziś nie udało się opracować jednolitych ram badawczych dla populacji studentów międzynarodowych. Z tego też względu celem tego artykułu jest próba opracowania takich ram badawczych oraz ustalenie, w jaki sposób optymalnie korzystać z teorii i metod badawczych w zależności od kontekstu badania. W artykule dokonaliśmy systematycznego przeglądu literatury dotyczącej AS, skupiając się na 92 badaniach opublikowanych do 2020 roku. Udało nam się ustalić, że w przypadku AS można wyróżnić powtarzające się zmienne, obejmujące czynniki społeczne, kulturowe, psychologiczne, komunikacyjne i demograficzne. Dzięki tej wiedzy menedżerowie i decydenci powinni móc lepiej zrozumieć organizacje i zarządzać nimi. Ponadto w niniejszym artykule potwierdziliśmy związek pomiędzy AS a wynikami psychicznymi i behawioralnymi oraz opracowaliśmy szczegółowo ramy badawcze obejmujące uwarunkowania i skutki AS. Dodatkowo zaproponowano również kierunki dla przyszłych badań.

EN

Although acculturative stress (AS) studies have been conducted for five decades, we still know little about it. Moreover, we do not have a specific framework for international student population. The purpose of this paper is to explore how to use theories and research methods in different contexts and develop a framework. We systematically review articles related to this field, particularly 92 studies published until 2020. There are common variables in AS, comprising social, cultural, psychological, communicative, and demographic factors which managers and decision makers should properly understand and administer in organizations. This article also confirms a link between AS and mental and behavioral outcomes. We have elaborately developed a framework including antecedents and outcomes of AS. Suggestions have also been offered for future research.

Keywords

EN

acculturation; acculturative stress; international students

PL

Akulturacja; stres akulturacyjny; studenci zagraniczni

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
• Journal: Studia i Materiały
• Year: 2020
• Issue: 2(33)
• Pages: 56-68

Dates

published

2020

Contributors

author

Amir M. Maleki

• Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
• Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000000327850913

author

Fariborz Rahimnia

• Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

• https://orcid.org/0000000196806735

References

• Addatu-Cambri, J. (2019). Acculturative stress and help-seeking behavior of foreign students: Implications to counseling. Journal of International Academic Research for Multidiciplainary, 5(12), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36487.44965.
• Amponsah, M.O. (2010). Non UK university students stress levels and their coping strategies. Educational Research, 1(4), 88–98.
• Angel, M., Schwartz, S.J., Castillo, L.G., Romero, A.J., Huang, S., Lorenzo-blanco, E.I., Andres, J. (2015). Depressive symptoms and externalizing behaviors among Hispanic immigrant adolescents: Examining longitudinal effects of cultural stress. Journal of Adolescence, 42, 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.03.017.
• Arends-Tóth, J.V., & Van de Vijver, F.J.R. (2006). Issues in the conceptualization and assessment of acculturation. In M.H. Bornstein & L.R. Cote (Eds.), Acculturation and parent-child relationships: Measurement and development (pp. 33–62). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
• Bai, J. (2016). Perceived support as a predictor of acculturative stress among international students in the United States. Journal of International Students, 6(1), 93–106.
• Belen, M., Smith, N., & Keele, B. (2010). Emotional intelligence, coping responses, and length of stay as correlates of acculturative stress among international university students in Thailand. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1498–1504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.315.
• Burke, M.G., & Mahmood, H. (2018). Analysis of acculturative stress and sociocultural adaptation among international students. Journal of International Students, 8(1), 284–307. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1134307.
• Cano, M.Á., Castillo, L.G., Castro, Y., de Dios, M.A., & Roncancio, A.M. (2014). Acculturative stress and depressive symptomatology among Mexican and Mexican American students in the U.S. Examining pssociations with cultural incongruity and intragroup marginalization. Int J Adv Counselling, 136–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-013-9196-6.
• Castillo, L.G., Cano, M.A., Chen, S.W., Blucker, R.T., & Olds, T.S. (2008). Family conflict and intragroup marginalization as predictors of acculturative stress in Latino college. International Journal of Stress Management, 15(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.15.1.43.
• Claudat, K., White, E.K., & Warren, C.S. (2016). Acculturative stress, self-esteem, and eating pathology in Latina and Asian American female college students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(1), 88–100. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22234.
• Desa, A., Yusooff, F., & Abdkadir, N.B. (2012). Acculturative stress among international postgraduate students at UKM. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 59, 364–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.287.
• Erdinc, D. (2007). Personality dimensions, psychosocial- demographic variables, and english language competency in predicting level of acculturative stress among Turkish international students. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(1), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.14.1.99.
• Furnham, A. (2019). Culture shock: A review of the literature for practitioners. Psychology, 10, 1832– 1855. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2019.1013119.
• Gallagher, H.C. (2013). Willingness to communicate and cross-cultural adaptation: L2 communication and acculturative stress as transaction. Applied Linguistics, 34(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/ams023.
• Gebregergis, W.T. (2018). Major causes of acculturative stress and their relations with sociodemographic factors and depression among international students. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 6, 400– 419. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2018.610007.
• Gebregergis, W.T., Huang, F., & Hong, J. (2019). Cultural intelligence, age and prior travel experience as predictors of acculturative stress and depression among international students studying in China. Journal of International Students, 9(2), 511–534. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v9i2.964.
• Hamamura, T., & Laird, P.G. (2014). The effect of perfectionism and acculturative stress on levels of depression experienced by East Asian international students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 42(October), 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2014.00055.x.
• Han, S., Pistole, M.C., & Caldwell, J.M. (2017). Acculturative ptress, parental and professor attachment, and college adjustment in asian international students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling And Development, 45, 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.12068.
• Hashim, I.H., & Zhiliang, Y. (2003). Cultural and gender differences in perceiving stressors: A crosscultural investigation of african and western students in Chinese colleges. Stress and Health, 19, 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.978.
• Huang, S.L., & Mussap, A.J. (2018). Maladaptive perfectionism, acculturative stress and depression in asian international university students. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 28(2), 185–196. https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2016.18.
• Hwang, W., & Ting, J.Y. (2008). Disaggregating the effects of acculturation and acculturative stress on the mental health of Asian Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(2), 147– 154. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.14.2.147.
• Kim, B.S.K., & Omizo, M.M. (2014). Asian and European American cultural values, Collective selfesteem, acculturative stress, cognitive flexibility, and general self-efficacy among Asian American college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), 412–419. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.412.
• Kim, S. (2011). Predictors of acculturative stress among international music therapy students in the United States. Music Therapy Perspectives, 9, 129– 132. https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/29.2.126.
• Kline, S.L., & Liu, F. (2005). The influence of comparative media use on acculturation, acculturative stress, and family relationships of Chinese international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 367–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.001.
• Koyama, C., & Belli, G. (2011). Alcohol use, acculturative stress, and drinking motivation among international community college students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling And Development, 39, 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2011.tb00637.x.
• Kroon, A.M., Margarita, V.D., Stachon, C., Pettit, J.W., & Perez, M. (2014). The relationship between acculturative stress and eating disorder symptoms: is it unique from general life stress? J Behav Med, 37, 445–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-013-9498-5.
• Lee, J., Koeske, G.F., & Sales, E. (2004). Social support buffering of acculturative stress: a study of mental health symptoms among Korean international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28, 399–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2004.08.005.
• Lee, S.D., & Padilla, A.M. (2014). Acculturative stress and coping: Gender differences among Korean and Korean American university students. Journal of College Student Development, 55(3), 243– 262. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2014.0025.
• Li, L., & Peng, W. (2019). Computers in human behavior transitioning through social media: International students’ SNS use, perceived social support, and acculturative stress. Computers in Human Behavior, 98 (November 2018), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.011.
• Liu, Y., Chen, X., Li, S., Yu, B., Wang, Y., & Yan, H. (2016). Path analysis of acculturative stress components and their relationship with depression among international students in China. Stress and Health, 32, 524–532. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2658.
• Marianne, F., Juan, Z.S., & Bance, L.O. (2019). Development of intervention program based on grit and psychological well-being to alleviate acculturative stress among foreign students. Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences, 5(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.22492/ijpbs.5.1.05.
• Mikal, J.P., Yang, J., & Lewis, A. (2015). Surfing USA: How internet use prior to and during study abroad affects chinese students’ stress, integration, and cultural learning while in the United States. Journal of Studies in International Education, 9(3), 203–224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315314536990.
• Nguyen, M.H., Le, T.T., & Meirmanov, S. (2019). Depression, acculturative stress, and social connectedness among international university students in Japan: A statistical investigation. Sustainability, 11(878), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030878.
• Nguyen, M., Serik, M., Vuong, T., & Ho, M. (2019). Internationalization and its discontents: Helpseeking behaviors of students in a multicultural environment regarding acculturative stress and depression. Sustainability, 11(1865), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071865.
• Nweke, G.E. (2017). Demographic variables influence on culture shock and intercultural communication apprehension. International Journal of Science and Research, 6(9), 627–631. https://doi.org/10.21275/ART20176585.
• Pallavicini, F., Argenton, L., & Mantovani, F. (2016). Virtual reality applications for stress management. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, 87(12), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3367/AMHP.4596.2016.
• Park, N., & Noh, H. (2018). Effects of mobile instant messenger use on acculturative stress among international students in south Korea. Computers in Human Behavior, 82(March 2010), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.033.
• Park, N., Song, H., & Min, K. (2014). Social networking sites and other media use, acculturation stress, and psychological well-being among east Asian college students in the United States. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.037.
• Pérez-rojas, A.E., & Gelso, C.J. (2018). International counseling students: Acculturative stress, cultural distance, and the process of counseling with U.S. clients. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 00(00), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2018.1553145.
• Philip, S., Colburn, A.A.N., Underwood, L., & Bayne, H. (2019). The impact of religion/spirituality on acculturative stress among international students. Journal of College Counseling, 22, 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12112.
• Poyrazli, S., Kavanaugh, P.R., Baker, A., & At-Timimi, N. (2004). Social support and demographic correlates of acculturative stress in international students. Journal of College Counseling, 7, 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2004.tb00261.x.
• Poyrazli, S., Thukral, R.K., & Duru, E. (2010). International students’ race-ethnicity, personality and acculturative stress. Journal of Psychology and Counseling, 2(8), 25–32.
• Qi, W.G., Wang, K.T., Pincus, A.L., & Wu, L.Z. (2018). Interpersonal problems and acculturative stress over time among chinese international students from mainland China and Taiwan. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 9(3), 237–246. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/aap0000119.
• Ra, Y. (2016). Social support and acculturative stress among Korean international students. Journal of College Student Development, 57(7), 885–892. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2016.0085.
• Ra, Y., & Trusty, J. (2015). Coping strategies for managing acculturative stress among Asian international students. Int J Adv Counselling, 37, 319–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-015-9246-3.
• Ra, Y., & Trusty, J. (2017). Impact of social support and coping on acculturation and acculturative stress of east Asian international students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling And Development, 45, 276–292. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.12078.
• Rice, K.G., Choi, C., Zhang, Y., Morero, Y.I., & Anderson, D. (2012). Self-critical perfectionism, acculturative stress, and depression among international students. The Counseling Psychologist, 40(4), 575–600. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000011427061.
• Rosado-serrano, A., Dikova, D., & Paul, J. (2018). International franchising: A literature review and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 85(December 2017), 238–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.12.049.
• Rudmin, F. (2009). Constructs, measurements and models of acculturation and acculturative stress. International Journal of Intercultural Relations (Vol. 33). New York: Harper. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.12.001.
• Sam, D.L. (2015). Acculturation. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. (Vol. 1, pp. 68–74). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.24034-8.
• Smiljanic, I. (2017). The Role of attachment, travel experiences and english proficiency in international students’ acculturative stress and depressive symptoms. Journal of International Students, 7(2), 188–203. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v7i2.322.
• Smith, R.A., & Khawaja, N.G. (2011). A review of the acculturation experiences of international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(6), 699–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.08.004.
• Suh, H., Rice, K.G., Choi, C., van Nuenen, M., Zhang, Y., Morero, Y., & Anderson, D. (2016). Measuring acculturative stress with the SAFE: Evidence for longitudinal measurement invariance and associations with life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.002.
• Sullivan, C. (2015). The Interplay of international students’ acculturative stress, social support, and acculturation modes. Journal of International Students, 5(1), 1–11.
• Quacquarelli Symonds. (2020). Growth of international student numbers in higher education. https://www.qs.com/growth-international-students-highereducation/
• Szabo, A., Ward, C., & Jose, P.E. (2015). Uprooting stress, coping, and anxiety: A longitudinal study of international students. International Journal of Stress Management, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039771.
• Tavakoli, S., Lumley, M.A., Hijazi, A.M., Slavin-Spenny, O.M., & Parris, G.P. (2009). Effects of assertiveness training and expressive writing on acculturative stress in international students: A randomized trial. J Couns Psychol., 56(4), 590–596. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016634.Effects.
• Thompson, K.V., Lightfoot, N.L., Castillo, L.G., & Hurst, M.L. (2010). Influence of family perceptions of acting white on acculturative stress in African American college students. Int J Adv Counselling, 32, 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-010-9095-z.
• Tian, L., Mcclain, S., & Moore, M.M. (2019). An examination of ethnic identity, self- compassion, and acculturative stress in asian international students. Journal of International Students, 9(2), 635– 660. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v9i2.617.
• Tiwari, R., Singh, B.G., & Hasan, B. (2017). Acculturative stress and coping strategies of foreign students: A systematic review. Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare, 8(7), 683–687. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (2019). Education: Outbound internationally mobile students by host region. Retrieved 4 march 2020.
• Walker, R.L., Joiner, T.E., Wingate, L.R., & Obasi, E.M. (2008). An empirical investigation of acculturative stress and ethnic identity as moderators for depression and suicidal ideation in college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.14.1.75.
• Ward, C., & Geeraert, N. (2016). Advancing acculturation theory and research: the acculturation process in its ecological context. Current Opinion in Psychology, 8, 98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.021.
• Wei, M., Heppner, P.P., Mallen, M.J., Ku, T., Liao, K.Y., & Wu, T.-F. (2007). Acculturative stress, perfectionism, years in the United States, and depression among chinese international students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(4), 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.54.4.385.
• Wei, M., Tsai, P., Chao, R.C., Lin, S., & Du, Y. (2012). Advisory working alliance, perceived english proficiency, and acculturative stress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(3), 437–448. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028617.
• Wu, E.K.Y., & Mak, W.W.S. (2012). Acculturation process and distress: Mediating roles of sociocultural adaptation and acculturative stress. The Counseling Psychologist, 40(1), 66–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000011410893.
• Yakunina, E.S., Weigold, I.K., & Weigold, A. (2013). Personal growth initiative: Relations with acculturative stress and international student adjustment. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 2(1), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030888.
• Yakunina, E.S., Weigold, I.K., Weigold, A., Hercegovac, S., & Elsayed, N. (2013). International students’ personal and multicultural strengths: Reducing acculturative stress and promoting adjustment. Journal of Counseling & Development, 91, 216–223. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2013.00088.x.
• Yang, N., Xu, Y., Chen, X., Yu, B., Yan, H., & Li, S. (2018). Acculturative stress, poor mental health and condom-use intention among international students. Health Education Journal, 77(2), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896917739443.
• Ye, J. (2005). Acculturative stress and use of the internet among east asian international students in the United States. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 8(2), 154–161. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.154.
• Ye, J. (2006). An examination of acculturative stress, interpersonal social support, and use of online ethnic social groups among Chinese international students. The Howard Journal of Communications, 17(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646170500487764.
• Yeh, C.J., & Inose, M. (2003). International students’ reported English fluency, social support satisfaction, and social connectedness as predictors of acculturative stress. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 16(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951507031000114058.
• Zhang, J., & Goodson, P. (2011). Predictors of international students’ psychosocial adjustment to life in the United States: A systematic review. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(2), 139–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.11.011.
• Zhou, Y., Zhang, H., & Stodolska, M. (2018). Acculturative stress and leisure among Chinese international graduate students. Leisure Sciences, 40(6), 557–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2017.1306466.

Identifiers

DOI

10.7172/1733-9758.2020.33.5

Biblioteka Nauki

19928362