Economic Aspects of Cash Access Problems

• Authors: Arkadiusz Manikowski

Title variants

PL

Aspekt ekonomiczny problemów z dostępem do gotówki

Abstracts

PL

Cel: celem artykułu jest zbadanie czy trudność w dostępie do gotówki może wpływać na wykluczenie finansowe w Polsce. Projekt/metodologia/podejście: do analizy wykorzystano mikrodane zebrane w badaniu zwyczajów płatniczych polskich konsumentów oraz dane przestrzenne dotyczące lokalizacji bankomatów. Oszacowana odległość do punktów wypłaty gotówki wraz z charakterystyką respondentów dotyczącą stanu posiadania rachunku płatniczego pozwoliła na identyfikację związku pomiędzy dostępem do gotówki a wykluczeniem finansowym. Aby wykazać istotność tej zależności, zastosowano test statystyczny. Wyniki: pandemia Covid-19 uwydatniła istnienie realnego ryzyka związanego z problemem fizycznej dostępności gotówki, co jest spowodowane systematycznym zmniejszaniem się sieci bankomatów i oddziałów banków komercyjnych obsługujących gotówkę, będących głównymi punktami, w których konsumenci mogą ją wypłacać. Może to w konsekwencji prowadzić do wykluczenia finansowego i społecznego niektórych grup konsumentów, dla których gotówka jest głównym, a nawet jedynym środkiem dokonywania płatności. Wyniki potwierdzają tezę, że rachunek płatniczy bez (rzeczywistej) opcji łatwego dostępu do gotówki może zniechęcić konsumentów do otwierania rachunku i przyczynić się do wzrostu wykluczenia finansowego. Jest to szczególnie widoczne na obszarach wiejskich i w małych miastach, gdzie obserwuje się wysoki poziom wykluczenia (brak rachunku płatniczego) i większą odległość do najbliższego bankomatu. Ograniczenia/wnioski z badań: prezentowane wyniki bazowały na prostych analizach statystycznych. Dalsze badania powinny uwzględnić modelowanie ekonometryczne z wykorzystaniem modeli logit/probit. Oryginalność/wartość: uzyskane tutaj wyniki są pierwszymi w obszarze wpływu dostępu do gotówki na wykluczenie finansowe w Polsce i spójne ze stanem w innych krajach europejskich. Wyniki pozwalają na wykazanie ważności dostępu do fizycznego pieniądza w szerszym kontekście niż tylko posiadanie środków płatniczych służących do dokonywania płatności za zakupy.

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to examine if difficulty of access to cash may influence the financial exclusion in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was performed using microdata collected in the survey on payment habits of Polish consumers and spatial data on ATMs locations. Estimated distance to points where cash can be withdrawn together with feature of respondents of the state of possession of a payment account helps to identify relationships between access to cash and financial exclusion. To prove significance of the relationship, a statistical test is used. Findings: The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the existence of a real risk associated with the problem of the physical availability of cash, which is caused by the systematic reduction of the network of ATMs and commercial bank branches handling cash, which are the main points where consumers can withdraw it. This may consequently lead to financial and social exclusion of certain groups of consumers for whom cash is the main, or even the only, means of making payments. Results support the thesis that payment account without (real) option of easy access to cash may discourage consumers from opening the account and contribute to increased financial exclusion. It is especially visible in rural regions and small towns where we observe high level of exclusion (lack of payment accounts) and longer distance to the nearest ATM. Research limitations/implications: The presented results were based on simple statistical analyses. Further research should include econometric modeling using logit/probit models. Originality/value: The obtained results are the first on the impact of access to cash on financial exclusion in Poland and consistent with the situation in other European countries. The results allow to show the importance of access to physical money in a broader context than just having means of payment to pay for purchases.

Keywords

EN

physical money; access to cash; financial exclusion; ATM network; demand for cash

PL

pieniądz fizyczny; dostęp do gotówki; wyłączenie finansowe; sieć bankomatów; popyt na gotówkę

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
• Journal: European Management Studies
• Year: 2023
• Volume: 21
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 109-130

Dates

published

2023

Contributors

author

Arkadiusz Manikowski

• Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw

• https://orcid.org/0000000226878757

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Identifiers

DOI

10.7172/2956-7602.102.6

Biblioteka Nauki

32083853