Crime and criminality in the Republic of North Macedonia. A general overview of the period 1991–2018

• Authors: Oliver Bacanovic , Angelina Stanojoska

Title variants

Crime and criminality in the Republic of North Macedonia. A general overview of the period 1991–2018

• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Yugoslavia’s disintegration in the 1990s resulted in the differentiation of five different countries, meaning the building of five different criminal legal systems with many similarities at that time, but also with differences in the years to come. The Republic of North Macedonia brought its first Criminal Code in 1996, decriminalising some of the previous crimes connected to socialist system norms, and criminalising activities characteristic of capitalist social systems. From its basic draft, the Criminal Code had been changed twenty-eight times by 2018 in accordance with crime changes and flows, and societal changes. Using crime statistics published by the Republic of North Macedonia’s State Statistical Office in an annual publication, ‘Perpetrators of Crimes’, this paper’s goal will be to present the trends in crime volume and dynamics, the changes in the breakdownof crimes as result of decriminalisation and criminalisation, and the possible future challenges and changes, as well as the trends and changes to the state’s criminal policy, the frequent use of imprisonment as a sanction, and the very rare use of alternative measures apart from probation. The authors will use the comparative method, basic statistics, and content analysis in the general overview of crime volume and dynamics, crime structure, and structural changes. Such an analysis can help in tackling the most important chronological points during the period in question and connect them with political, social, security, and economic challenges for the country.

PL

Yugoslavia’s disintegration in the 1990s resulted in the differentiation of five different countries, meaning the building of five different criminal legal systems with many similarities at that time, but also with differences in the years to come. The Republic of North Macedonia brought its first Criminal Code in 1996, decriminalising some of the previous crimes connected to socialist system norms, and criminalising activities characteristic of capitalist social systems. From its basic draft, the Criminal Code had been changed twenty-eight times by 2018 in accordance with crime changes and flows, and societal changes. Using crime statistics published by the Republic of North Macedonia’s State Statistical Office in an annual publication, ‘Perpetrators of Crimes’, this paper’s goal will be to present the trends in crime volume and dynamics, the changes in the breakdownof crimes as result of decriminalisation and criminalisation, and the possible future challenges and changes, as well as the trends and changes to the state’s criminal policy, the frequent use of imprisonment as a sanction, and the very rare use of alternative measures apart from probation. The authors will use the comparative method, basic statistics, and content analysis in the general overview of crime volume and dynamics, crime structure, and structural changes. Such an analysis can help in tackling the most important chronological points during the period in question and connect them with political, social, security, and economic challenges for the country.   W wyniku rozpadu Jugosławii w latach 90. powstało pięć różnych krajów, co zrodziło potrzebę utworzenia pięciu różnych systemów prawa karnego. W momencie ich tworzenia były one pod wieloma względami podobne, w latach kolejnych zaczęły się jednak coraz bardziej różnić. Pierwszy kodeks karny Republiki Macedonii Północnej z 1996 r. dekryminalizował część dotychczasowych przestępstw związanych z systemem socjalistycznym i kryminalizował działania charakterystyczne dla kapitalistycznych systemów społecznych. Z uwagi na zachodzące zmiany społeczne, w tym zmieniającą się przestępczość, do 2018 r. kodeks ten był zmieniany 28 razy. W niniejszym artykule na podstawie statystyk kryminalnych Republiki Macedonii Północnej (publikowanych przez Państwowy Urząd Statystyczny w corocznej publikacji „Sprawcy Przestępstw”) autorzy starają się pokazać zmieniające się trendy w przestępczości – jej rozmiary i dynamikę, zmiany w strukturze przestępczości w wyniku kryminalizacji oraz dekryminalizacji, a także możliwe przyszłe wyzwania. W artykule scharakteryzowano również politykę kryminalną Republiki Macedonii Północnej – częste stosowanie kary pozbawienia wolności i bardzo rzadkie stosowanie środków alternatywnych, z wyjątkiem probacji. Do zbadania rozmiarów i dynamiki przestępczości, jej struktury oraz zmian w tej strukturze autorzy artykułuwykorzystali metodę porównawczą, analizę statystyczną i analizę treści. Dzięki temu możliwe było chronologiczne wypunktowanie najważniejszych zmian w badanym okresie na tle politycznym, społecznym i ekonomicznym kraju.

Keywords

EN

crime; criminality; Republic of North Macedonia; statistics; cybercrime

PL

crime; criminality; Republic of North Macedonia; statistics; przestępstwo; przestępczość; Republika Macedonii Północnej; statystyki; cyberprzestępczość; crime; criminality; Republic of North Macedonia; statistics; przestępstwo; przestępczość; Republika Macedonii Północnej; statystyki; cyberprzestępczość

• Publisher: Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN / Institute of Legal Studies PAN
• Journal: Archiwum Kryminologii
• Year: 2020
• Issue: XLII/1

Dates

published

2020-05-11

Contributors

author

Oliver Bacanovic

• University "St. Kliment Ohridski" - Bitola, Faculty of Security - Skopje

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7597-5089

author

Angelina Stanojoska

• University "St. Kliment Ohridski" - Bitola, Faculty of Security - Skopje

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-1222

References

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Identifiers

DOI

10.7420/AK2020H