PL
In linguistics, syncretism is understood as asymmetry of language sign, i.e. discrepancybetween the content and form of language phenomena, which implies theirambiguousness. This point of view is applied in the article in order to scrutinize andclassify Russian and Czech syncretic interrogative sentences which are characterisedby means of interrogative form and the meaning of request or challenge (e.g. Тымне поможешь/не поможешь?, Чего ты не работаешь?!) or the meaning ofdeclarative statement (e.g. Можно ли мириться с этими недостатками?).Ambiguousness of syncretic interrogative sentences is resolved in the context ofcommunitation. Implementation of theory of grammatical syncretism in Russianand Czech comparative point of view seems to be promising in future