EN
Polish Sign Language (PJM) is the language of the Deaf in Poland. It represents the class of visual-spatial languages. They satisfy the structural defi nition of natural languages as semiotic systems that have grammar and lexicon and are used for universal communication. PJM is the mother tongue for a subset of deaf Poles: the so-called dynastic deaf. It is acquired in the process of natural acquisition. A majority of the population learn PJM as the second language. PJM is a natural rather than cultural phenomenon. It was developed in the Institute for the Deaf and Blind in Warsaw after 1817 based on individual endemic languages. PJM has been subject of studies at the University of Warsaw for two decades.