The climatic background of agricultural production in Poland (1951 - 2000)

• Authors: Elwira Żmudzka

Abstracts

EN

This article presents the results of studies conducted on the variability of thermal and precipitation conditions in Poland in the second half of the 20th century, especially taking into consideration periods which were unfavorable for agricultural production. Averaged spatial temperatures and precipitation totals from consecutive years 1951 to 2000 were used. A significant increase in spring temperatures was noted, while the winters also became warmer. This had a significant effect upon the change of the thermal vegetation period's duration. No changing trends were noted with regard to the amount of precipitation.The analysis of the seasonal structure during the anomalous years, with regard to temperature and the amount of precipitation, made it possible to pinpoint years particularly unfavorable for agricultural production. There was a certain repeatability of unfavorable conditions, tied to the existence of a relatively stable 8-year cycle of temperature change, which was especially noticeable during the wintertime. During the last two decades of the 20th century, high temperature values, occurring also in the summertime, in combination with insufficient precipitation, contributed to the occurrence of dry spells and even periods of drought. The occurrence of dry spells during the vegetation period and the extreme shortening of the vegetation period have a significant effect upon the amount of grain crop production.

Keywords

EN

air temperature; atmospheric precipitation; variability; crop production; Poland

• Publisher: Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
• Journal: Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
• Year: 2004
• Volume: 11
• Pages: 127-137

Dates

published

2004

Contributors

author

Elwira Żmudzka

translator

Joanna M. Kwiatkowska

References

• B o b i ń s k i E., M e y e r W., 1992, Susza hydrologiczna w Polsce w latach 1989 - 1992 na tle wielolecia 1982 - 1992 [Hydrological Drought in Poland in the Years: 1989 - 1992, in the Perspective of the Period: 1982 - 1992; in Polish], Gospodarka Wodna, 12.
• D e m i d o w i c z G., D e p u t a t T., G ó r s k i T., K r a s o w i c z S., K u ś J., 1999, Prawdopodobne zmiany w produkcji roślinnej w związku ze spodziewanymi zmianami klimatu Polski [Likely Changes in Agricultural Production in Relation to the Climatic Changes Expected in Poland; in Polish], [in:] Zmiany i zmienność klimatu Polski [Climate Changes and Variability in Poland] Ogólnopolska konferencja naukowa [The Polish Scientific Conference], Łódź, November 4th - 6th 1999, 43 - 48.
• D e p u t a t T., 1999, Konsekwencje zmian klimatu w fenologii wybranych roślin uprawnych [Consequences of Climate Change upon the Phenology of Selected Cultivated Plants; in Polish], [in:] Zmiany i zmienność klimatu Polski [Climate Changes and Variability in Poland], Ogólnopolska konferencja naukowa [The Polish Scientific Conference], Łódź, November 4th - 6th 1999, 49 - 56.
• D r o z d o v O.A., G r i g o r e v a A.S., 1972, Kharakteristika tsyklichnosti osadkov na teritorii SSSR i svyaz s tsyklichnostyu tsyrkulatsii atmosfery [The Characterization of the Cyclicality of Precipitation on USSR Territory in Relation to the Cyclicality of Atmospheric Circulation; in Russian], Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad.
• D z i e ż y c J., N o w a k L., P a n e k K., 1987, Średnie regionalne niedobory opadów i potrzeby deszczowania roślin uprawnych na glebach lekkich i średnich [Average Regional Precipitation Lows and the Need to Irrigate Plants Cultivated on Light and Medium Soil; in Polish], Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln., 314, 35 - 47.
• F o r t u n i a k K., K o ż u c h o w s k i K., Ż m u d z k a E., 2001, Trendy i okresowość zmian temperatury powietrza w Polsce w drugiej połowie XX wieku [Trends and Periodicity of Air Temperature Changes in Poland in the Second Half of the 20th Century; in Polish], Prz. Geof., 46, 4, 283 - 303.
• H u c u l a k W., M a k o w i e c M., 1977, Wyznaczanie meteorologicznego okresu wegetacyjnego na podstawie jednorocznych materiałów obserwacyjnych [Designating the Meteorological Vegetation Period on the Basis of One Year's Observational Materials; in Polish], Zesz. Nauk. SGGW AR w Warszawie, Leśnictwo, 25, 65 - 73.
• K ę d z i o r a A., 1995, Prognoza zmian klimatycznych [Climatic Change Prognosis; in Polish], [in:] S. Kozłowski (ed.), Prognoza ostrzegawcza zmian środowiskowych warunków życia człowieka w Polsce na początku XXI wieku [A Cautionary Prognosis Regarding Changes in the Environmental Living Conditions of Humans in Poland at the Beginning of the 21st Century; in Polish], Zeszyty Naukowe Komitetu “Człowiek i środowisko”, 10, Oficyna Wydawnicza Instytutu Ekologii PAN, 97 - 132.
• K l e i n Ta n k A.M.G., W i j n g a a r d J.B., K ö n n e n G.P., B ö h m R., D e m a r é e G., G o c h - e v a A., M i l e t a M., P a s h i a r d i s S., H e j k r l i k L., K e r n - H a n s e n C., H e i n o R., B e s s e m o u l i n P., M ü l l e r - W e s t e r m e i e r G., T z a n a k o u M., S z a l a i S., P á l s - d ó t t i r T., F i t z g e r a l d D., R u b i n S., C a p a l d o M., M a u g e r i M., L e i t a s s A., B u k a n t i s A., A b e r f e l d R., v a n E n g e l e n A.F.V., F o r l a n d E., M i t u s M., C o e l h o F., M a r e s C., R a z u v a e v V., N i e p l o v a E., C e g n a r T., A n t o n i o L ó p e z J., D a h l s t r ö m B., M o b e r g A., K i r c h h o f e r W., C e y l a n A., P a c h a - l i u k O., A l e x a n d e r L.V., P e t r o v i c P., 2002, Daily dataset of 20th-century surface air temperature and precipitation series for the European Climate Assessment, Int. J. Climatol., 22, 12, 1441 - 1453.
• K o ż u c h o w s k i K., Ż m u d z k a E., 2002, The warming in Poland: the range and the seasonality of changes in air temperature during the second half of the 20th century, Miscellanea Geographica, 10, 103 - 111.
• L i s z e w s k a M., O s u c h M., 1999, Analiza wyników globalnych modeli klimatu dla Europy Środkowej i Polski [Global Climate Model Results Analysis with Regard to Central Europe and Poland; in Polish], [in:] Zmiany i zmienność klimatu Polski [Climate Changes and Variability in Poland], Ogólnopolska konferencja naukowa [The Polish Scientific Conference], Łódź, November 4th - 6th 1999, 129 - 141.
• L o r e n c H., 2000, Studia nad 220-letnią serią temperatury powietrza w Warszawie oraz ocena jej wiekowych tendencji [Analysis of the 220 Year Long Warsaw Temperature Series and the Assessment of its Long-Term Tendencies; in Polish], Materiały Badawcze IMGW, seria Meteorologia, 31, pp. 104.
• R a d o m s k i C., 1973, Agrometeorologia [Agrometeorology; in Polish], PWN, Warszawa, pp. 544.
• Ż m u d z k a E., 1999, Krótkookresowa zmienność temperatury powietrza w Polsce [Short-Term Air Temperature Variation in Poland; in Polish], Prz. Geof., 44, 3, 115 - 130.
• Ż m u d z k a E., 2001, Termiczny okres wegetacyjny w Polsce [The Thermal Vegetation Period in Poland; in Polish], Geografia w Szkole], 274 (54), 4, 206 - 214.
• Ż m u d z k a E., 2002, O zmienności opadów atmosferycznych na obszarze Polski nizinnej w drugiej połowie XX wieku [On the Atmospheric Precipitation Variability in the Region of Poland in the Second Half of the 20th Century; in Polish], Wiadomości IMGW, 25, 4, 23 - 38.
• Ż m u d z k a E., 2004, Tło klimatyczne produkcji rolniczej w Polsce w drugiej połowie XX wieku [The Climatic Background of Agricultural Production in Poland in the Second Half of the 20th Century; in Polish], Acta Agrophysica, 3(2), 399 - 408.

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki

2029390