Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2022 | 73 | 259-280

Article title

Will a human always outsmart a computer? An essay

Authors

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

Abstracts

EN
The title question of the paper has its empirical origin in the form of an individual’s existential experience arising from the personal use of a computer, which we attempt to describe in the first section. The rest of the entire paper can be understood as a philosophical essay answering the question posed. First the connection between the main problem of the article and its “premonition” by mankind, which was expressed in the form of ancient myths and legends, is briefly suggested. After shortly discussing the problems that early considerations of AI focused on, i.e. whether machines can think at all, we move on to reformulate our title question, about the possibility of outsmarting AI. This outsmarting will be understood by us in a rather limited way as to prevent a machine from completing its implemented task. To achieve this objective, after softly clarifying the basic terms, an analogy is built between the “outsmarting” of a machine by a human (the target domain) and the playing of a mathematical game between two players (the base domain), where this outsmarting is assigned a “winning strategy” in the certain game. This mathematical model is formed by games similar to Banach-Mazur games. The strict theorems of such games are then proved and applied to the target of the analogy. We then draw conclusions and look for counter-examples to our findings. The answer to the title question posed is negative, and it is not clear how far it should be taken seriously.

Year

Issue

73

Pages

259-280

Physical description

Dates

published
2022

Contributors

  • Pontifical University of John Paul II in Kraków

References

  • Artificial Intelligence, 2022. Available at: <https://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/271625> [visited on 4 January 2023].
  • Bringsjord, S. and Govindarajulu, N.S., 2022. Artificial Intelligence. In: E.N. Zalta, ed. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [Online]. Fall 2022. Stanford, Calif.: Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Available at: <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2022/entries/artificial-intelligence/> [visited on 4 January 2023].
  • Burns, E., Laskowski, N. and Tucci, L., 2022. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Definition, Benefits and Use Cases. Available at: <https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/AI-Artificial-Intelligence> [visited on 4 January 2023].
  • Dodig-Crnkovic, G., 2022. In search of common, information-processing, agency-based framework for anthropogenic, biogenic, and abiotic cognition and intelligence. Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce), (73), pp.7–9.
  • Dubhashi, D. and Lappin, S., 2017. AI Dangers: Imagined and Real. Communications of the ACM [Online], 60(2), pp.43–45. https://doi.org/10.1145/2953876.
  • Good, I.J., 1965. Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine. In: F.L. Alt and M. Rubinoff, eds. Advances in Computers [Online]. Vol. 6. New York: Academic Press, pp.31–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60418-0.
  • Khomskii, Y., 2010. Infinite Games. Summer Course at the University of Sofia, Bulgaria [Online]. Available at: <https://www.math.uni-hamburg.de/home/khomskii/infinitegames2010/Infinite%20Games%20Sofia.pdf> [visited on 4 January 2023].
  • Kopera, G., 2021. How Adaptive AI Outpaces Traditional AI Capabilities. Available at: <https://www.thoughtai.org/post/how-adaptive-ai-outpaces-traditional-ai-capabilities> [visited on 4 January 2023].
  • Krzanowski, R. and Polak, P., 2022. The Meta-Ontology of AI systems with Human-Level Intelligence. Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce), (73), pp.23–24.
  • Russell, S.J. and Norvig, P., 2021. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Fourth, Pearson series in artificial intelligence. Hoboken: Pearson.
  • Searle, J.R., 1980. Minds, Brains, and Programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences [Online], 3(3), pp.417–424. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00005756.
  • Soare, R.I., 2016. Turing Computability [Online], Theory and Applications of Computability. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31933-4.
  • Turing, A.M., 1950. Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Mind [Online], 59(236), pp.433–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
28763389

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-issn-0867-8286-year-2022-issue-73-article-oai_zfn_edu_pl_article_608
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.