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2014 | 13 | 25 | 31-69

Article title

Międzynarodowa odpowiedzialność karna za zbrodnie wojenne popełniane na dzieciach

Authors

Content

Title variants

EN
The International Criminal Law of Children on War Crimes

Languages of publication

Abstracts

EN
Whilst the system of international criminal law is a relatively new branch of public international law, its foundations are comparatively based on ancient times. This system has mostly been applied to serious criminal violations committed by individuals, groups, organizations and states. It is the first system of public international law which deals with all of its violators as independent subjects of law. The international criminal law of children is that part of international criminal law which deals with the rights belonging to the children of the world and the obligations of individuals, organizations and states not only to fulfil and respect those rights but also to prevent their violation in national, regional or international relations. The rights of children should be regarded as peremptory parts of international criminal law and therefore inalienable because of their essential role in the protection of children from the unlawful and immoral acts of individuals acting behind the international legal personality of their states. Children are thus the protected subjects of international law, whether in times of peace or war. This is also confirmed in the judgments of the SCSL and the ICC. The word ‘child’ in the article is used without any prejudice as to the sex or the physical or mental capability of the child.
PL
Chociaż system międzynarodowego prawa karnego stanowi stosunkowo nową gałąź prawa międzynarodowego publicznego, jego fundamenty sięgają starożytności. Stosuje się go głównie w sytuacjach poważnych naruszeń prawa międzynarodowego publicznego, popełnionych przez poszczególne osoby, grupy, organizacje i państwa. Jest to pierwszy system prawny traktujący sprawców jego naruszeń jako niezależne podmioty prawa. Wchodzące w skład międzynarodowego prawa karnego  międzynarodowe prawo karne dzieci stanowi tę jego część, która obliguje osoby fizyczne, organizacje i państwa, nie tylko do realizacji i przestrzegania tych praw, ale także do podejmowania odpowiednich środków w celu zapobieżenia ich naruszaniu w porządku krajowym, regionalnym i międzynarodowym. Prawa dzieci powinny być traktowane jako bezwzględnie obowiązujące normy międzynarodowego prawa karnego z powodu ich zasadniczej roli, jaką odgrywają w aspekcie ochrony dzieci przed nielegalnymi i niemoralnymi czynami osób pozbawionych międzynarodowej prawnej osobowości. W ten sposób dzieci stanowią chroniony podmiot prawa międzynarodowego, zarówno w czasie pokoju, jak i czasie wojny. Fakt ten potwierdziły również wyroki STSL i MTK. Termin ‘dziecko’ w artykule jest stosowany niezależnie od płci albo fizycznej lub psychicznej zdolności dziecka.

Keywords

PL
EN
children   rights   crime  

Year

Volume

13

Issue

25

Pages

31-69

Physical description

Dates

published
2014

Contributors

  • Instytut Międzynarodowego Prawa Karnego w Uppsali

References

  • Albin Eser., Transnational Measures against the Impunity of International Crimes, JICJ (2012), p. 621-634.
  • Arts, Karin; Popovski, Vesselin (eds.), International Criminal Accountability and the Rights of Children (2006).
  • Bergsmo, Morten (ed.), Thematic Prosecution of International Sex Crimes (2012).
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  • Farhad Malekian and Kerstin Nordlöf, Confessing the International Rights of Children (2012).
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  • Farhad Malekian and Kerstin Nordlöf, International Legal Status of Children in the Encyclopaedia of Criminology & Criminal Justice (Jay S. Albanese, editor,2014).
  • Farhad Malekian and Kerstin Nordlöf, Prohibition of Sexual Exploitation of Children Constituting Obligations Erga Omnes (2013).
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  • Farhad Malekian, Armenian Genocide and the Questions of Responsibility of the Turkish Government (House of Commons Conference on the Armenia Genocide, Nor Serount Publications, 2007), p. 31-39.
  • Farhad Malekian, Consolidating the International Criminal Law of Children, Criminal Law Forum (2014).
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  • Farhad Malekian, Judging International Criminal Justice in the Occupied Territories, International Criminal Law Review 12 (2012) 827–869, 841.
  • Farhad Malekian, Jurisprudence of International Criminal Justice (2014).
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  • Georg Schwarzenberger, ‘The Problem of an International Criminal Law,’ 3 Current Legal Problems (1950).
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  • International Committee of the Red Cross, Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, Geneva, Geneva, 1977, pp.89-101; 16 ILM (1977).
  • Kerstin Nordlöf, Straffprocessuella Tvångsmedel: Gripande, Anhållande och Häktning (1987).
  • Kerstin Nordlöf, Straffrättens Processer för Unga Lagöverträdare (1991).
  • Kerstin Nordlöf, The Legal Philosophy of Protecting a Suspect Child, Journal of the XVII World Congress of the International Association of Youth and Family Judges and Magistrates in Belfast, Northern Ireland, 27 August – 1September 2006.
  • Kerstin Nordlöf, Unga Lagöverträdare i Social, Straff- och Processrätt (2005).
  • M. Cherif Bassiouni (ed.), International Criminal Law (3 vols., 1999).
  • M. Cherif Bassiouni, ‘International Recognition of Victims’ Rights,’ in Bassiouni (ed.), International Criminal Law, vol. III, 635-701 (2008).
  • M. Cherif Bassiouni, Introduction to International Criminal Law (2003).
  • Michael Bacharach, ‘The Protection and Rights of Victims under International Criminal Law,’ 34(1) The International Lawyer (2000).
  • Robert A Friedlander, ‘The Foundations of International Criminal Law: A Present-Day Inquiry,’ 15 Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law13 (1983).
  • Sheldon Glueck, By What Tribunal Shall War Offenders Be Tried?, 56 Harv.L.R. 1059 (1942-3).
  • The United Nations War Crimes Commission., History of the United Nations War Crimes Commission and the Development of the Laws of War (London, 1948).
  • Yoram Dinstein, ‘International Criminal Law,’ 20 Israel Law Review 206 (1985).

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
1198721

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-issn-1643-9171-year-2014-volume-13-issue-25-article-oai_horyzonty_ignatianum_edu_pl_article_12
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