Oorlam, czyli słów kilka o wymianie kulturowej w południowoafrykańskim interiorze na przełomie XVII i XIX wieku

• Authors: Michał Leśniewski

Title variants

EN

Oorlam or a few words on a cultural exchanges in the South African interior during the turn of 18th and 19th century

Abstracts

EN

During the second half of the 18th century and the first three decades of the 19th century, we may observe an intensive process of cultural exchange between frontier farmers (trekboers) and local populations (mostly Khoisan). There emerge new kind of community – Oorlams: Africans and peoples of mixed origin who adopted many traces of colonial material, intellectual and spiritual culture. They were essential in spreading those elements of colonial culture (horses, firearms, commando system, cloths, proto-Afrikaans) into an interior, which were in turn adopted by other African groups.

Keywords

PL

Południowa Afryka; Namibia; historia; XVIII i XIX wiek; wymiana kulturowa; Afrykanie; ludzie Oorlam

EN

South Africa; Namibia; history; 18th and 19th century; cultural exchanges; Africans; Oorlam people

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
• Journal: Forum Teologiczne
• Year: 2015
• Volume: 18 - Komunikowanie w Afryce. Endo- i egzogeniczne aspekty. Etniczność – kultura – religia
• Pages: 69-89

Dates

published

2015

Contributors

author

Michał Leśniewski

References

• Arbousset T., Daumas F., Narrative of an Exploratory Tour to the North-East of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, Cape Town 1846.
• Atmore A., Sanders P., Sotho Arms and Ammunition in Nineteenth Century, „The Journal of African History” 1971, Vol. 12, No. 4.
• Barrow J., An Account of the Travels into the Interior of Southern Africa in the Years 1797 and 1798, Vol. 1, London 1802.
• Berkovitch B.M., The Cape Gunsmith: A History of the Gunsmiths and Gun Dealers at the Cape of Good Hope from 1795 to 1900, with Particular Reference to Their Weapons, Stellenbosch 1976.
• Borcherds P.B., An Autobiographical Memoir Being a Plain Narrative of Occurrences from Early Life to Advanced Age, chiefly intended for his children and descendants, countrymen and friends, Cape Town 1861.
• Bradlow E., Bradlow F. (eds.), William Sommerville’s Narrative of His Journeys to the Eastern Cape Frontier and to Lattakoe 1799–1802, Cape Town 1979.
• Burman J., Towards the far Horizon: The Story of the Ox-wagon in South Africa, Cape Town 1988.
• Cameron T., Spies S.B., Illustrated History of South Africa, Johannesburg 1986.
• Combined Boards of Landdrost and Heemraden, and Landdrost and Militia Officers, Stellenbosch, to Governor van Plettenberg and Council, 19th April 1774, w: D. Moodie (ed.), The Record: A Series of Official Papers Relative to the Conditions and Treatment of the Native Tribes of South Africa, Part III, Cape Town 1960.
• Eldredge E.A., A South African Kingdom. The Pursuit of Security in Nineteenth-Century Lesotho, Cambridge 2002.
• Eldredge E.A., Slave Raiding Across the Cape Frontier, w: E.A. Eldredge, F. Morton (eds.), Slavery in Southern Africa. Captive Labor on the Dutch
• Frontier, Boulder – San Francisco – Oxford – Pietermaritzburg 1994.
• Elphick R., Malherbe V.C., The Khoisan to 1828, w: R. Elphick, H. Giliomee (eds.), The Shaping of South African Society, 1652–1840, Cape Town 1989.
• Engelbrecht J.A., The Korana: An Account of Their Customs and Their History, Cape Town 1936.
• Galton F., The Narrative of an Explorer in Tropical South Africa, London 1853.
• Giliomee H., The Eastern Frontier, 1770–1812, w: R. Elphick, H. Giliomee (eds.), The Shaping of South African Society, 1652–1840, Cape Town 1989.
• Guelke L., Frontier Settlement in Early Dutch South Africa, „Annals of the Association of American Geographers” 1976, Vol. 66.
• Harlow V.T., The British Occupations, 1795–1806, w: J. Holland Rose, A.P. Newton, E.A. Benians (eds.), The Cambridge History of British Empire, Vol. 8, Cambridge 1936.
• Heyde Schreuder van der P.J., The Cape Horse. Its Origin, Breeding, and Development in the Union of South Africa, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 1915 (Ph.D. thesis).
• Jan Pienaar Testimony, 13th April 1871, w: D. Arnot, F.H.S. Orpen, The Land Question of Griqualand West: An Inquiry into the Various Claims to Land in that Territory; Together with a Brief History of the Griqua Nation, Cape Town 1875.
• Journal of the Expedition under Messrs. Truter and Somerville to Bechuanaland, 1st Oct. 1801–31st Aug. 1802, w: G. McCall Theal (ed.), Records of the Cape Colony from May 1801 to February 1803, Vol. 4, Cape Town 1899.
• Kallaway P., Danster and the Xhosa of the Gariep: Towards a Political Economy of the Cape Frontier, 1790–1820, „African Studies” 1982, Vol. 41, No. 1.
• Kienetz A., The Key Role of the Oorlam Migrations in the Early Europeanization of South-West Africa (Namibia), „The International Journal of African Historical Studies” 1977, Vol. 10, No. 4.
• Landau P.S., Popular Politics in the History of South Africa, 1400–1948, Cambridge 2010.
• Landau P.S., Transformations in Consciousness, w: C. Hamilton, B.K. Mbenga, R. Ross (eds.), The Cambridge History of South Africa, Vol. 1, Cambridge 2010.
• Lau B., Conflict and Power in Nineteenth-Century Namibia, „The Journal of African History” 1986, Vol. 27, No. 1.
• Legassick M.Ch., The Politics of a South African Frontier. The Griqua, the Sotho-Tswana and the Missionaries, 1780–1840, Basel 2010.
• Leśniewski M., Guns and Horses, c 1750 to c 1850: Korana – People or Raiding Hordes?, „Werkwinkel” 2010, Vol. 5, No. 2.
• Lichtenstein H., Travels in Southern Africa, Vol. 2, Cape Town 1930.
• Lye W.F. (ed.), Andrew Smith’s Journal of His Expedition into the Interior of South Africa, 1834–1836, Cape Town 1975.
• Lye W.F., Murray C., Transformations on the Highveld: The Tswana and Southern Sotho, Cape Town 1980.
• Marais J.S., Maynier and the First Boer Republic, Cape Town 1944.
• Marais J.S., The Cape Coloured People. 1652–1937, Johannesburg 1962.
• Marks S., Khoisan Resistance to the Dutch in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, „Journal of African History” 1972, Vol. 13, No. 1.
• Mentzel O.F., A Geographical and Topographical Description of the Cape of Good Hope, Vol. 1, Cape Town 1921.
• Mentzel O.F., A Geographical and Topographical Description of the Cape of Good Hope, Vol. 3, Cape Town 1944.
• Merwe van der P.J., The Migrant Farmer in the History of the Cape Colony, 1657–1842, Athens (Ohio) 1995.
• Moffat R., Missionary Labours and Scenes in Southern Africa, New York 1844.
• Newton-King S., Masters and Servants on the Eastern Frontier, Cambridge 1999.
• Parkington J.E., Soaqua and Bushmen: Hunters and Robbers, w: C. Schrire (ed.), Past and Present in Hunter Gatherer Studies, Orlando 1984.
• Parsons N., Prelude to Difaqane in the Interior of Southern Africa c. 1600–c. 1822, w: C. Hamilton (ed.), The Mfecane Aftermath. Reconstructive Debates in Southern African History, Johannesburg – Pietermaritzburg 1995.
• Penn N., Droster Gangs of the Bokkeveld and Roggeveld, 1770–1800, „South African Historical Journal” 1990, No. 23.
• Penn N., The Forgotten Frontier. Colonists and Khoisan on the Cape’s Northern Frontier in the 18th Century, Cape Town 2005.
• Penn N., The Frontier In the Western Cape, 1700–1740, w: J. Parkington, M. Hall (eds.), Papers in the Prehistory of the Western Cape, South Africa, Oxford 1987.
• Penn N., The Orange River Frontier Zone, c. 1700–1805, w: A. Smith (ed.), Einiqueland. Studies of the Orange River Frontier, Town 1995.
• Philip J., Researches in South Africa Illustrating the Civil, Moral, and Religious Condition of the Native Tribes, Including Journals of the Author’s Travels in the Interior, Together with Detailed Accounts of the Progress of the Christian Missions, Exhibiting the Influence of Christianity in Promoting Civilization, London 1828.
• Reaper P.E., Boucher M. (eds.), Robert Jacob Gordon, Cape Travels, 1777–1786, Vol. 2, Johannesburg 1988.
• Report of the Field-Commandant Nicolas van der Merwe, 7th Nov. 1774, w: D. Moodie (ed.), The Record: A Series of Official Papers Relative to the Conditions and Treatment of the Native Tribes of South Africa, Part III, Cape Town 1960.
• Report of Field Corporal Adriaan van Jaarsvelt, 4th Sept. 1775, Report of Field Sergeants H.M. van der Berg and A. van Jaarsvelt, 11th Sept 1779, w: D. Moodie (ed.), The Record: A Series of Official Papers Relative to the Conditions and Treatment of the Native Tribes of South Africa, Part III, Cape Town 1960.
• Ross R., Beyond the Pale. Essays on the History of Colonial South Africa, Hannover (New Hampshire) 1993.
• Sanders P., Sekonyela and Moshweshwe, „The Journal of African History” 1969, Vol. 10, No. 3.
• Schoeman K., The Griqua Captaincy of Philippolis, 1826–1861, Pretoria 2002.
• Sparrman A., A Voyage to the Cape of Goud Hope, Vol. 2, Cape Town 1977.
• Storey W.K., Guns, Race, Power in Colonial South Africa, Cambridge 2008.
• Thornton R.W., The Origin and History of the Basuto Pony, Morija 1936.
• Tylden G., The Ox-Wagon, „Africana Notes and News” 1956, No. 12 (2).
• Vedder H., South West Africa in Early Times. Being the story of South West Africa up to the date of Maharero’s death in 1890, London 1966.
• Wagner R.G., Coenraad de Buys in Transorangia, „The Societies of Southern Africa in the 19th and 20th Centuries” October 1972 – June 1973, Vol. 4.
• Wagner R.G., Zoutpansberg. The Dynamics of a Hunting Frontier, 1848–1867, w: S. Marks, A. Atmore (eds.), Economy and Society in Pre-Industrial South Africa, London 1980.

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki

1186896