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Giorgio MarianiUniversità “Sapienza” di RomaItalyHugo Pratt’s and Milo Manara’s Indian Summer: An Italian “Source” for The Scarlet LetterThis paper examines the allusions of Milo Manara’s and Hugo Pratt’s graphic novel, Tutto ricominciò con un’estate indiana (Indian Summer), to Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlett Letter in a variety of ways. In particular, this paper argues that not only some of Pratt and Manara’s characters are very liberal, creative reinventions of Hawthorne’s figures-they might be seen as “spin-offs” of Hawthorne’s narrative-but in many ways Indian Summer is also thematically close to The Scarlet Letter.