The Beginings of Skilled Trade Enterprise in the Czech Lands

• Authors: Jana Geršlová
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Development of free enterprise in the middle of the 19th century, which was based on capital relations in the sphere of both production and market, was incompatible with the old system of guild craft and its complicated regulations. The Law of the Trade Code from 1859 abolished all measures that had been in effect until then and introduced trade freedom within the new economic policy and the needs of modern enterprise. According to the law, all citizens had theoretically the access to all craft trades after paying the set taxes - this resulted in a huge wave of trades being set up. Freedom of production as well as sales was proclaimed. Commercial Code from 1862, by which the absolute free competitiveness in business ventures had been legalized, became an organic amendment to the Trade Code from 1859. The article deals with the concepts of trade, a practice of its gaining or losing, it pays attention to a number of amendments. Trade legislation was connected with commercial activity and its conditions. An important role in the support of commercial activities was played by trade and commercial associations - the article describes their long history from their formation in 1850 up to their dissolution in 1948. Working of firms in the branch of industry, commerce and craft trades was strongly influenced by licensing authorities that directly permitted or refused trade licenses. The last chapter focuses on the Law against unfair competition from 1927 that was passed as the important reaction to business practice.

Keywords

EN

History of enterprise; trade legislation; commercial legislation; economic history of the 19th and 20th century

• Publisher: Sciendo
• Journal: Review of Economic Perspectives
• Year: 2011
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 59-69

Dates

published

2011-01-01

online

2011-07-04

Contributors

author

Jana Geršlová

• Ekonomická fakulta VŠB-TU Ostrava, Sokolská 33, 701 21 Ostrava

References

• BROM, B. (2001). Historie obchodních a živnostenských komor na území českých zemí (od počátků až po jejich zrušení) (1850-1948). Praha. Retrieved from
• GERŠLOVÁ, J., SEKANINA, M. (2003). Encyclopedia of the Czech Economic History of the 19th and the 20th Century in the Political and Social Circumstances. Prague: Libri.
• JAKUBEC, I. (2007a). Vytváření obchodnických elit se zvláštním zřetelem k pražské obchodní a živnostenské komoře. In ŠTAIF, Jiří Štaif (ed.), Moderní podnikatelské elity - metody a perspektivy bádání. Praha: Dokořán, s. 111-127. ISBN 978-80-7363-153-6.
• JAKUBEC, I. (2007b) Projevy (hospodářského) nacionalismu v pražské obchodní a živnostenské komoře ve druhé polovině 19. století. In HÁJEK, J., JANČÍK, D., KUBŮ, E. (eds.). O hospodářskou národní državu. Úvahy a stati o moderním českém a německém nacionalismu v českých zemích. AUC, Philosophica et Historica 1-2005, Studia historica LIX, Praha 2009, s. 179-188. ISBN 978-80-246-1391-8. ISSN 0567-8293.
• JAKUBEC, I. (2007/2008). Bildung der Handelseliten am Beispiel der Prager Handelsund Gewerbekammer. In: Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen/Prague economic and social history papers, vol.8, s. 21-31. ISBN 978-80-7308-232-1.
• JAKUBEC, I. (2008). Znamená obnova tržní ekonomiky návrat k institucím éry rakouského liberalismu? Pokus o srovnání obchodních a živnostenských komor a Hospodářské komory České republiky. In 19. století v nás. Modely, instituce a reprezentace, které přetrvaly. Praha: Nakladatelství historický ústav. Moderní dějiny - Suplementum 1 (2008), s. 342-354. ISBN 978-80-7286-139-2. ISSN 1210-6860.
• ROUČEK, F. (1938). Czechoslovak Business Law. 1., general part, p. 43 an.
• WEYER, F. (1926). Chamber of Commerce journal, No. 12, p. 1-7.
• The Dictionary of Czechoslovak Public Law, Volume IV, Brno 1938
• The chronicle of crafts, business, trades and production in the branch of CTCH in Olomouc. Olomouc 1942, p. 32
• The State Central Archives of Prague, collection of the Ministry of Labor - Trade Inspection - MSP ŽI, 1928. Prague I., card 3741
• The State Central Archives of Prague, the collection of MSP ŽI, card 3741, 1928, Tábor
• The State Central Archives of Prague, collection of MSP ŽI, card 3758, 1933, Tábor
• The Law No 111/1927 of the Code of Laws and the directive of Czechoslovakia of 15. July 1927

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/v10135-011-0007-x