Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2013 | 24 | 99-128

Article title

Can medium-sized cities become Creative Cities? Discussing the cases of three Central and Western European cities

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
This paper aims to explore the concept of Creative City from the points of view of three medium-sized cities in Central and Western Europe: Birmingham (UK), Leipzig (Germany) and Poznań (Poland). The concept of Creative City has risen in popularity in the last 15 years but its meanings and its policy application display important variations. In an attempt to clarify conceptual issues and policy approaches around the term of Creative City, Scott (2006) states that policy makers should focus on specific key variables when attempting to build viable Creative Cities: the presence of inter-firm networks of producers combined with a flexible local labour market. Infrastructural facilities and social capital are also crucial in this process. Even though these variables may be mostly found in largescale metropolitan areas such as New York, Los Angeles etc., Scott (2006, p. 9) argues that “there are also many small and specialised creative agglomerations all over the world” due to the process of increased differentiation. In addition, Hall (2004) argues that building a truly Creative City is possible but is a long-term process, and historical favourable preconditions are important.

Keywords

Year

Issue

24

Pages

99-128

Physical description

Dates

published
2018-07-30

Contributors

  • University of Birmingham Business School
author
  • Humboldt University Berlin Georg-Simmel-Centre for Metropolitan Studies
  • Adam Mickiewicz University Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and Spatial Management

References

  • Adams D., Champion K., Murray K. 2007. Developing creative cities: A perspective from the UK. Paper presented at the Hong Kong Creative Cities Conference, April 2007.
  • Bayliss D. 2007. The rise of the creative city: Culture and creativity in Copenhagen. European Planning Studies, 15: 889–903.
  • Bell D., Jayne M. (eds) 2006. Small cities: Urban experience beyond the metropolis. Routledge: Oxon.
  • Bismarck B. v., Koch A. (eds) 2005. Beyond education. Kunst, Ausbildung, Arbeit und Ökonomie. Revolver – Archiv für aktuelle Kunst, Leipzig.
  • Boschma R., Kloosterman R.C. 2005. Further learning from clusters. [In:] R. Boschma, R.C. Kloosterman (eds), Learning from clusters: A critical assessment from an economic-geographical perspective. Springer, Berlin.
  • Braun E., Lavanga M. 2007. An international comparative quick scan of national policies for creative industries. European Institute for Comparative Urban Research (EURICUR), Erasmus University, Rotterdam.
  • Brown J., Barber A., Chapain C., Gibney J., Lutz J., Murie A. 2008. Understanding the attractiveness of Birmingham and the West Midlands. Region for creative knowledge firms. The managers’ view. AMIDSt, Amsterdam.
  • Brown J., Chapain C., Murie A., Barber A., Gibney J., Lutz J. 2007. From a city of a thousand trades to a city of a thousand ideas. Birmingham, West Midlands. Pathways to creative and knowledge based regions. AMIDSt, Amsterdam.
  • Caves 2000. Creative industries: Contracts between art and commerce. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • CEU 2007. Contribution of the cultural and creative sectors to the achievement of the Lisbon objectives– Adoption of the Council conclusions. Introductory note. Cult 29, 9021/07. Council of European Union, Brussels.
  • Cooke P., Lazzeretti L. (eds) 2008. Creative cities, cultural clusters and local economic development. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
  • Cunningham S. 2002. From cultural to creative industries: Theory, industry and policy implications. Media International Australia incorporating Culture and Policy, 102: 54–65.
  • DCMS 1998. Creative industries mapping document. Department for Culture, Media and Sport, London.
  • Deeg R. 2001. Institutional change and the uses and limits of path dependency: the case of German finance. MPIFG, Köln.
  • Duxbury N. 2004. Creative cities: Principles and practices. Canadian Policy Research Networks, Ottawa.
  • ESPON 2006. Mapping the structure of the European territory. ESPON Project 3.1 – ESPON Atlas, Bonn.
  • ESPON 2013. Small and medium sized towns in their functional territorial context. Luxembourg.
  • Evans G. 2009. Creative cities, ceative spaces and urban policy. Urban Studies, 46: 1003–1040.
  • Florida R. 2005. Cities and the creative class. Routledge, New York.
  • Fuchs G. 2005. Rethinking regional innovation and change: path dependency or regional breakthrough? Springer, New York.
  • Galloway S., Dunlop S. 2007. A critique of definitions of the cultural and creative industries in public policy. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 13: 17–31.
  • Garnham N. 2005. From cultural to creative industries. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 11: 15–29.
  • Giffinger R., Fertner C., Kramar H., Meijers E. 2006. City-ranking of European medium-sized cities (http://www.smart-cities.eu/download/city_ranking_final.pdf; retrieved: 14.01.2010).
  • Glaeser E.L., Kolko J., Saiz A. 2001. Consumer city. Journal of Economic Geography, 1: 27–50.
  • Republic of Columbia Ministry of Culture [RCMC] 2007. Guide to producing regional mapping of the creative industries. Ministry of Culture – Republic of Columbia, Bogota.
  • Hall P. 2000. Creative cities and economic development. Urban Studies, 37: 639–649.
  • Hall P. 2004. Creativity, culture, knowledge and the city. Built Environment, 30: 256–258.
  • Hansen A.L., Andersen H.T., Clark E. 2001. Creative Copenhagen: Globalization, urban governance and social change. European Planning Studies, 9: 851–869.
  • Hartley J. 2005. Creative industries. [In:] J. Hartley (ed.), Creative industries. Blackwell, Malden.
  • Hartley J., Keane M. 2006. Creative industries and innovation in China. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 9: 259–262.
  • Hausner, J. (1995) Strategic choice and path-dependency in post-socialism: Institutional dynamics in the transformation process (Aldershot: Edward Elgar).
  • Hospers G.J. 2003. Creative cities: Breeding places in the knowledge economy. Knowledge, Technology and Policy, 16: 143–162.
  • Howkins J. 2002. The creative economy: How people make money from ideas. Penguin Global, London.
  • KEA 2006. The economy of culture in Europe. KEA European Affairs, European Comission, Brussels.
  • KEA 2009. The creative economy in Europe. KEA European Affairs, European Comission, Brussels.
  • Kong L., O’Connor J. 2009. Creative economies, creative cities: Asian-European perspectives. Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Kooijman D., Romein A. 2007. The limited potential of the creative city concept: Policy practices in four Dutch cities. Paper presented at the ‘Regions in focus’ Conference, April 2007, Lisbon.
  • Kornai J. 1971. Anti-equilibrium. On economic systems theory and the tasks of research. North-Holland Publishing, Amsterdam.
  • Kotus J. 2006. Changes in the spatial structure of a large Polish city – The case of Poznań Cities, 23: 364–381.
  • Krugman P. 1998. Space: The final frontier. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12: 161–174.
  • Lambooy J.G. 2006. Innovative competitiveness cities as complex adaptive systems: An evolutionary economics approach. [In:] A. Kukliński, C. Lusiński, K. Pawłowski (eds), Warsaw Conference: Towards a new creative and innovative Europe. Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University, Nowy Sącz–Warszawa).
  • Landry C. 2000. The creative city: A toolkit for urban innovators. Earthscan, London.
  • Lange B. 2005a. Culturepreneurs in Berlin: Orts- und Raumproduzenten von Szenen. [In:] A. Färber (ed.), Hotel Berlin. Formen urbaner Mobilität und Verortung. Lit Verlag, Münster.
  • Lange B. 2005b. Kreative Wissens-Milieus oder Szenen? Zwei Begriffsskizzen für die Raumforschung. IRS Aktuell, 46: 1–8.
  • Leslie D. 2005. Creative cities? Geoforum, 36: 403–405.
  • Mahoney J. 2000. Path dependence in historical sociology. Theory and Society, 29: 507–548.
  • Marshall A. 1890/1920. Principles of economics. Macmillan, London.
  • Musterd S., Bontje M., Chapain C., Kovács Z., Murie A. 2007. Accommodating creative knowledge: A literature review from a European perspective. AMIDSt, Amsterdam.
  • O’Connor J. 2005. Creative exports. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 11: 45–60.
  • O’Connor J. 2005. Cities, culture and “transitional economies”: Developing cultural industries in St. Petersburg. [In:] J. Hartley (ed.), Creative industries. Blackwell, Malden.
  • O’Connor J. 2007. The cultural and creative industries: A review of the literature. Creative Partnerships, Arts Council England, London.
  • Parysek J.J., Mierzejewska L. 2006. Poznan. Cities, 23: 291–305.
  • Pierson P. 2000. Increasing returns, path dependence, and the study of politics. American Political Science Review, 94: 251–267.
  • Porter M.E. 1998. Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, 76: 77–90.
  • Primorac J. 2006. Creative industries and cultural policies – Key issues in Southeastern European (SEE) context. Paper presented at the 4th Conference on Cultural Policy Research, 12–16 July 2006, Vienna, Austria.
  • Ratzenböck V., Demel K., Harauer R., Landsteiner G., Falk R., Leo H., Schwarz G. 2004. An analysis of the economic potential of the creative industries in Vienna. Österreichische Kulturdokumentation, MEDIACULT and Wifo, Vienna.
  • Sagnia Burama K. 2005. Strengthening Local Creative Industries and developing cultural capacity for poverty alleviation. International Network for Cultural Diversity. Sixth Annual Conference, Dakar, Senegal, 17–20 November 2005.
  • Scott A.J. 1997. The cultural economy of cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 21: 323–339.
  • Scott A.J. 1999. The cultural economy: Geography and the creative field. Media, Culture and Society, 21: 807–817.
  • Scott A.J. 2006. Creative cities: Conceptual issues and policy questions. Journal of Urban Affairs, 28: 1–17.
  • Smith R., Warfield K. 2008. The creative city: A matter of values. [In:] P. Cooke, L. Lazzeretti (eds), Creative cities, cultural clusters and local economic development. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
  • Stadt-Leipzig 2006. Leipzig Facts 2006. Dezernat für Wirtschaft und Arbeit, Leipzig.
  • Stadt-Leipzig 2009. Leipzig Facts 2008. Dezernat für Wirtschaft und Arbeit, Leipzig.
  • Steets S. 2005. Doing Leipzig. Räumliche Mikropolitiken des Dazwischen. [In:] H. Berking, M. Löw (eds), Die Wirklichkeit der Städte. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden Baden.
  • Steets S. 2008. “Wir sind die Stadt!” Kulturelle Netzwerke und die Konstitution städtischer Räume in Leipzig. Campus, Frankfurt am Main.
  • Stryjakiewicz T. 2002. Paths of industrial transformation in Poland and the role of knowledge-based industries. [In:] R. Hayter, R. Le Heron (eds), Knowledge, industry and environment: Institutions and innovation in territorial perspective. Ashgate, Aldershot.
  • Stryjakiewicz T. 2005. Contrasting experiences with business networking in a transition economy: The case of Poland. [In:] C.G. Alvstam, E.W. Schamp (eds), Linking industries across the world: Processes of global networking. Ashgate, Aldershot.
  • Stryjakiewicz T., Kaczmarek T., Męczyński M., Parysek J.J., Stachowiak K. 2007. Poznan faces the future: Pathways to creative and knowledge-based regions. AMIDSt, Amsterdam.
  • Stryjakiewicz T., Męczyński M., Stachowiak K. 2008. The attractiveness of the Poznan metropolitan region for the development of the creative knowledge sector: The managers’ view. AMIDSt, Amsterdam.
  • Švob-Đokić N. (ed.) 2005. The emerging creative industries in Southeastern Europe. Institute for International Relations, Zagreb.
  • Švob-Đokić N. (ed.) 2007. The creative city: Crossing visions and new realities in the region. Institute for International Relations, Zagreb.
  • Tay J. 2005. Creative cities. [In:] J. Hartley (ed.), Creative industries. Blackwell, Malden.
  • Throsby D. 2001. Economics and culture. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Tissot L., Merger M. 2001. Technological trajectories, markets, institutions: industrialized countries, 19th–20th centuries; from context dependency to path dependency = Trajectoires technologiques, marchés, institutions. Lang, Bern.
  • Törnqvist G. 1983. Creativity and the renewal of regional life. [In:] A. Buttimer (ed.), Creativity and context. Gleerup, Lund.
  • UNCTAD 2004. Creative industries and development. Eleventh session, Sao Paulo, 13–18 June 2004. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Sao Paulo.
  • UNDP/UNCTAD 2008. Creative economy. Report 2008. UNDP, UNCTAD, Geneva–New York.
  • UNESCO 2006. Understanding creative industries: Cultural statistics for public-policy making. UNESCO, Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity.
  • Waitt G., Gibson C. 2009. Creative small cities: Rethinking the creative economy in place. Urban Studies, 46: 1223–1246.
  • Wiesand A., Söndermann M. 2005. The “Creative Sector” – An engine for diversity, growth and jobs in Europe. European Cultural Foundation, Amsterdam.
  • Wu W. 2005. Dynamic cities and creative clusters. World Bank, Washington.
  • Yun H.A. 2008. Evolving Singapore: The creative city. [In:] P. Cooke, L. Lazzeretti (eds), Creative cities, cultural clusters and local economic development. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
  • Yusuf S., Nabeshima K. 2005. Creative industries in East Asia. Cities, 22: 109–122.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-issn-2353-1428-year-2013-issue-24-article-13563
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.