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1

System polityczny w Polsce w latach 1944–1948

100%

Wrona J.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2005

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issue 2(8)

51-70

EN

The political system determines relations between the state or state related institutions like the parliament, the government, the jurisdiction, political organizations and various groups of interests. It also consists of a set of norms and regulations, which provides a base for their functioning: constitutions, electoral law etc. To classify the political system which has been built in Poland since the PKWN, it is necessary to take into account the conception of political regime as a specific form of political organization, a system of official and unofficial norms and mechanisms regulating mutual interaction between the authorities and the society. When the PKWN took over the power, new mechanisms of exercising power were introduced. A new model of society formed by deatomisation, and so called social engineering was introduced. In order to put social ties under state control an attempt to eliminate private property was made. The new model of society characterized also with a new role of political parties, an exchange of the elites, subordination of the science and education to one ideology. The idea of democratic elections was rejected. Communication and media was under political control. Local and economic local governments were removed. Changes in the trade union movement transformed it into a cell of the political power. The political life was theatricalized and any privacy was politicized. The communist rule based on five elements (Marxist theses): 1) the politics was monopolized by the Marxist-Leninist party; 2) a candidate for any executive had to be accepted by the party what was know as “the system of nomenclature;” 3) the nationalization of the economy; 4) the central distribution of all resources; 5) the policy of terror, reprisals and mass propaganda – all thought to gain control of hearts and minds. The second half of 1944 marks the beginning of the totalitarian system in Poland, which was at its height in 1948–1956. The inconsistent way different elements of the system were bound together allows us to define this incoherent organism as hybrid. The political system which has been built since the PKWN times, based on cooperation of ideologically and organizationally contradictive rules. The analyzed period created manners and attitudes of those in power and those under control which still remain in effect.

2

Lokalne władze partyjno-państwowe wobec Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego 1944-1956

100%

Wrona J.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

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2018

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vol. 66

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issue 2: Historia. Zeszyt specjalny

59-98

PL

Od 1945 r. działalność Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego (KUL) nadzorowały struktury Urzędu Bezpieczeństwa, a od 1950 r. Wydział ds. Wyznań Prezydium Wojewódzkiej Rady Narodowej w Lublinie. Polityczne oceny funkcjonowania KUL-u tworzyły wojewódzkie i miejskie struktury partii komunistycznej (PPR/PZPR). W kontaktach bilateralnych formalnym partnerem katolickiej uczelni byli prezydenci miasta (przewodniczący Miejskiej Rady Narodowej) i wydziały MRN w Lublinie. Komuniści i podległy im aparat władzy administracyjnej negatywnie postrzegali KUL – jako politycznego wroga tzw. Polski Ludowej. Ocena katolickiej uczelni dokonywała się w dużej mierze przez pryzmat funkcjonowania Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej (UMCS). KUL oskarżano o wywoływanie wszelkich politycznych problemów, jakie pojawiały się na państwowej uczelni. Główni regionalni działacze partii komunistycznej w latach 1948-1956 poprzez różnego rodzaju działania i dezyderaty utrudniali życie pracowników i studentów uczelni, i wręcz domagali się likwidacji katolickiego uniwersytetu. Ten postulat nie został zrealizowany wobec sprzeciwu polskiego Kościoła na czele z prymasem Stefanem Wyszyńskim. Nie zyskał też aprobaty w kierowniczych gremiach partii komunistycznej w Warszawie.

EN

Since 1945 the operations of the Catholic University of Lublin (KUL) had been supervised by the structure of the Secret Political Police and since 1950 by the Department of Religion of the Presidium of the Provincial National Council in Lublin. The political evaluations of the functioning of the KUL were formed by the provincial and municipal structures of the Communist Party (PPR/PZPR). In bilateral contacts the formal partners of KUL were the city president and the departments of the Municipal National Council in Lublin. The Communists and the administratively subordinated government viewed the KUL through the prism of functioning of the state-owned Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (UMCS). KUL was accused of all political problems that appeared at the state university (UMCS) which was intended by the communist authorities to be the showcase of the city. Major regional activists of the Communist Party in 1948-1956, in all sorts of desiderata, were very unfavourable to KUL, hindered the lives of university workers and students. They even demanded the liquidation of a Catholic University of Lublin. This postulate was neither realized due to opposition of the Polish church authorities led by the Primate Stefan Wyszyński nor it gained approval in the leadership of the Communist Party in Warsaw.

3

[Dyskusja] PKWN – próba oceny

45%

Eisler J., Friszke A., Machcewicz P., Paczkowski A., Wrona J.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2005

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issue 2(8)

13-30

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2 Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

1 Roczniki Humanistyczne

1 2018

2 2005

3 Wrona J.

1 Eisler J.

1 Friszke A.

1 Machcewicz P.

1 Paczkowski A.

System polityczny w Polsce w latach 1944–1948

Lokalne władze partyjno-państwowe wobec Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego 1944-1956

[Dyskusja] PKWN – próba oceny