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1

ON SOME ETHICAL ASPECTS OF RADICAL CONSTRUCTIVISM

100%
Mikulas R.
Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research
|
2007
|
vol. 16
|
issue 2
18-34
EN
Radical constructivism pleads to be and makes itself legitimate mainly as an epistemological position which orients the scientific research towards inner consistency of cognitive performances, i.e. of human knowledge, and simultaneously has crucial implications for specific scientific disciplines. It is one of the elementary conditions of a potential discussion about the ethics of constructivism because according to the constructivist theories the individual is not able to make decision alone and freely, or in other words, one is not able to act 'rationally' as an individual. The radical constructivism postulates an anormative ethics which presupposes a question whether such an ethics can be pursued at all if its theoretical postulate itself implies a radical paradox as its existential principle, i.e. an ethics which 'per se' undermines the basic principle of philosophical ethics which is based on the establishment and legitimacy of norms. In the case of anormative ethics one can assume the principle of implicit normativeness which is based on the conception of autopoietic systems. The rejection of the dogma of truth, therefore, does not necessarily lead to the ethical disorientation or arbitrariness as it is associated with the postmodern. The ethical consequence rests on the assumption that the actively construing individual bears the responsibility for all cognitive performances because every quality of the cognitive system is a product of its structural dynamics.
2

WHAT WE ARE GOING TO DO ABOUT YESTERDAY ?

100%
Mikulas R.
Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research
|
2004
|
vol. 13
|
issue 2
154-156
EN
A scholarly workshop under the title 'Traditions and Perspectives' was organized on the 8th September 2004 at the Institute of World Literature at the SAS on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of its founding. It was initiated by young scholars of the institute, who aimed to discuss the message of the former generations, the possibilities of making the most of it, the ways of application on current problems of literary studies as well as its impact on present scholarly projects. The scholars of the various scientific orientations met at this workshop (M. Kusá, M. Gálik, K. Tomis, B. Suwara, V. Prokesová, G. Magová, M. Chorváthová, S. Moysová, R. Gáfrik, R. Mikulás etc.) and appeared with papers that could be divided into two groups: the problem-oriented (critical and analytical) and systemizing (synthesizing and remembrances). On the background of a wide and much differentiated spectrum of the scholarly discourses, accessible mostly to scholars whose horizon necessary outreaches the borders of the particular philologies or the national cultures, the discussion was held first of all on efficiency of the models of the scientific research in the historically different, maybe new coordinates. In a surprisingly eventful discussion an opinion was repeated, according to which traditions will always recast into new notions and new models of constructing of scholarly cognition. The prominent traditions should not be refused but the task of the new generation is to cognize the message of the past in the context of current trends and to contribute to making more dynamic the branch, which has been asking for several decades, where its position was in the system of sciences. We choose from the papers presented at the workshop those which to some extent emphasize the tension between the message of yesterday and the lived present.
3

CRITICISM OR RADICAL CONSTRUCTIVISM?

100%
Mikulas R.
Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research
|
2006
|
vol. 15
|
issue 2
181-188
EN
Taking the example of a criticism of the radical constructivism from the point of view of the historical and critical hermeneutics, the author tries to point some significant features of the radical constructivism. He, in this critical paper deliberates about the premises of the radical constructivism and its realizations in literary science while articulating a whole range of the prejudices which depict the discourse of the radical constructivism in the negative terms. The author understands to the misinterpretation and to the intentional relativity of the statements and of the arguments of the representatives of the radical constructivism as a manifestation of a radically repressive attitude of the radical constructivism thought stream.
4

BLINDED BY SCIENCE (OSWALD WEINER'S ATTEMPTS AT LIBERATION AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL DELINEATION)

100%
Mikulas R.
Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research
|
2004
|
vol. 13
|
issue 1
46-70
EN
The paper attempts to reconstruct the defining features of Austrian avant-garde fiction of the 60's, exploring structural characteristics of its emblematic novel 'the improvement of Central-Europe' (die verbesserung von mitteleuropa) by Oswald Wiener on the background of Austrian Neopositivism, or, more precisely, of its changing concept of language (L. Wittgenstein). Another frame of reference, confirming the avant-garde character of Wiener's work is Stirner's conception of individual anarchism. The tension between these two poles, characterizing several works of Austrian literary avant-garde can be perceived not only in the framework of poetologic innovation (a new form of novel-writing) but also of epistemological reflection, which leads to questioning of some surviving scientific and theoretic concepts of the cognitive language function.
5

CONSTRUCTIVIST, COGNITIVIST AND SYSTEM-THEORETICAL STRATEGIES OF RESEARCH IN LITERARY SCIENCE

100%
Mikulas R.
Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research
|
2006
|
vol. 15
|
issue 2
147-158
EN
The paper focuses on the issue of the entanglement of the constructivist literary scholarship in constructivist, cognitive and the system-theoretical discourse. The transdisciplinarity has proved to be very productive in a whole range of the attempts to renovate the literary science. The theorem of the constructiveness of the observation and of the knowledge gave a new direction to the literary science. It is even referred to as a change of paradigm, or a transition from a pre-paradigmatic to a paradigmatic science. In the radical constructivist discourse, which is characterized by interdisciplinarity, the concepts of empiricity, cognition and communication has been redefined. Nevertheless, the meta-theoretical, trans- or interdisciplinary, epistemic, philosophical and methodological foundations of the constructivist literary scholarship are confronted with the problem of the practicability of such claims and the question of their reconciliation.
6

TRACES OF RADICAL CONSTRUCTIVISM IN LITERARY SCHOLARSHIP

100%
Mikulas R.
Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research
|
2005
|
vol. 14
|
issue 1
23-35
EN
The study is composed as some remarks on the project of implication of radical constructivism in the literary scholarship. Immanuel Kant, Wilhelm Dilthey, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Jean Piaget, fathers of constructivism, have always been present in the literary thinking. However, they have always been present also in psychiatry, physics, mathematics and biology. Thus, this is a brief outline of constructivism as a cognitive theory and epistemological basis of constructivist literary, whose essential thesis claims all the utterances involving reality are utterances about experience. Empirical knowledge is operational, resulting from the experience with orientation activities. Experience is the framework of knowledge, i. e. experience is based on forming operational strategies of one's own cognitive system. The empirical knowledge is the one we share with other people. Empirical theories such as radical constructivism explain the formation of knowledge as a correlative structure based on experience with a certain phenomenon. This means we are not able to observe the characteristics of the objects, but only abilities and possibilities of cognitive systems. In constructivist literary scholarship, text is viewed as a symptom of parallel constructing of the orientation space, which clearly shows the abnormality of searching for intentions in the text. This results in different legitimization of the scholarship, its main focus being put on optimalization of communicative experience. This is connected with the shift form the ontological tasks to operational tasks. The point of critique in the constructivist literary scholarship was also interpretation practice, whose main focus was to interpret, to explain the text. The constructivist literary scholarship defines the text as a cognitive and social mechanism of selection of desired modes of thinking and actions, as a means of control. The radical asset of this conception lies in the fact that it acts exclusively as an empirical approach.
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