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Wieś a tożsamość jednostki

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Tobera J., Zakład Socjologii Kultury U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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1985
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vol. 12
EN
The paper deals with several questions referring to the self-identity of peasants in the social and historical conditions of Polish country life. An important place in the area for possible penetration of the history of changes of the peasants' self-conceptions is occupied by folklor with its diversified forms and methods of creation of the so called empirical "me” (after V.James) in the material, social and spiritual spheres. Second in importance is the historical and cultural heritage with the stylized self-portraits of the representatives of peasantry and the documents of popular movements regarded as a process of social and political emancipation of the stratum of peasants. The achievements of Polish sociology in the field have been exemplified by quotations from the works of Józef Chałasiński who masterly applied the concepts of the self-image and of the changes in the cultural definition of the self in his analysis of the historical growth of Polish culture in the personal, stratificational and national aepects. As far as the peasants identity is concerned it is possible to regard the legal warrant for the family holdings in the Polish People's Republic as a current stage of the two-century-old process of assuming citizenship by peasants. According to the author, since "The Polish Peasent..." by W.Thomas, F.Znaniecki the identity of the Polish peasant remains an unsolved riddle of Polish sociology.
2
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Człowiek nie ma osobowości

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Czyżewski M., Zakład Socjologii Kultury U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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1985
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vol. 12
EN
The paper is an introductory outline of the author's broader interest in face-to-face interaction on the one hand, and in the language of sociological analysis on the other. 1. Scientific discourse. Three kinds of attitude towards own scientific discourse have been isolated: veristic, conventional and critical. The rules and principles for the formulation of scientific discourse have been defined in the categories of ethnometodology. The critical analysis has been initially specified as a postulate. 2. The personality has been defined as a constituent of scientific discourse. The empiricist orientation was at the basis of the behavlorist notion of the personality. The intellectuaiist orientation adds force to a considerable number of complex theories of the personality. 3. The interpretive approach represented in particular by the symbolic interactionism of H.Blumer and R.Turner has been subjected to criticism as another version of the complex intellectualist theory. 4. Three ways out or three directions for the interactional research oriented at the establishment of own discourse have been considered: microstructuralism (the conversational analysis, the frame analysis of conversation), the theory of Aaron V.Cicourel, the analysis of embodiment and corporeality according to the premises of M. Merlau-Ponty. 5. The criteria for discourse evaluation and the cognitive criterion preclude the application of the concept of the personality to the searching discourse based on the critical attitude. The notion of the personality is located within the closed discourse based on veristic or conventional attitudes, or else within the notoriously vague discourse. Nevertheless, the extra-cognitive criteria point to the fact that a number of analyses of the personality have a considerable value and great social relevance.
3
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Rodzaje zainteresowań aktorem społecznym, czyli o tzw. socjologii osobowości

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Bokszański Z., Zakład Socjologii Kultury U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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1985
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vol. 12
EN
The paper begins with a discussion of the types of reasoning employed by sociologists working on the social self. Of greatest significance in this field of the 20th century sociology are the oosequences of a problem raised by G. Siramel: "How is society possible?" The following part of the article outlines the beginnings of the so-called “Sociology of the Self" and its subsequent growth which takes place in several fields: interactionlsm (marked by the names of G.H.Mead, H.Blumer, and other symbolic interactionists), neointeractionism (H.Gerth, Ch.W.Mills, W.Coutu), and the research of personality and social structure (P.Sorokin, T.Parsons, D.Riesman, A.Inkeles, D.Levinson). The conclusion contains remarks suggesting that the evolution of lines of interest within the sociology of the self reflects the specific methods of defining problems faced by the individual in the society.
4
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Osobowość a tożsamość. 0 pewnej tendencji we współczesnej socjologii interakcji

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Piotrowski A., Zakład Socjologii Kultury U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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1985
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vol. 12
EN
Personality, according to the concept predominant in sociology for a long time, is a relatively stable and fixed - after an individual's maturation - set of socially learned habits, dispieitions and traits. It is, roughly speaking, a miniature replica of culture and social system's that reflects their order and anomies. This view of human being has been challenged by the modern sociology of interaction, by which it is meant hero a whole range of perspectives called the "interpretive sociology", i.e. Blumerian version of symbolic interactionism, Goffman*s dramaturgism, phenomenological sociology, ethnometbodology, and some other ideas derived from the former. In short, this approach proposes to conceive human being as a self endowed with intersubiectively valid cognitive-communicative-interpretative procedures and rules that enable the self to understand, project, negotiate and create the social order in situated and locally managed lines of interaction. Instead of the stable and fixed core of habits and traits that are to determine a person's behaviour, the stress is laid here on identity work and temporarily shared agreements that constitute a long term biographical organization of personal experience (self--conceptions based on meanings sedimented in memory) or short-term self-images. The present paper is aimed at a disscussion of developmental paths of these two orientations and their theoretical and philosophical background. They are argued to be distinct and at most points incompatible forms of discourse based on different models of society, action and individual - society relation. Against the view that the interpretive conception of social actor is sociologically defective and limited, the author of the paper argues for its sociological relevance and attractiveness. He points out that in this orientation it is essentially possible to approach personal experiences in their social-cultural orderliness, and to avoid at the same time a structural reductionism that is present in the sociological determinism of the traditional concept of personality.
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