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Encyklika piusa XI Dilectissima nobis jako reakcja na próby ograniczania wolności religijnej w Hiszpanii

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Szubtarski G.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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2013
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vol. 34
175-188
EN
This article reviews the most import ant topics in the encyclical of Pius Xi titled Dilectissima nobis in which the Pope expresses his opposition to the persecution of the Catholic Church and to attempts to restrict religious freedom in Spain during the 1930s. The Church was regarded as an enemy of the state and of social progress. The first two sections of the article provide the historical background of Spanish anti-clericalism and its increasing hostility to the Church. The third section shows how legislators successfully took away the Church’s ability to function in society. The fourth section discusses the most important topics in the encyclical Dilectissima nobis. In the last section, the author presents the person of Pope Pius XI in the context of his time. He was an enemy of communist ideology, which enslaved man, and a great defender of human dignity.
2
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Zmartwychwstanie jako klucz hermeneutyczny w relekturze słów i czynów Jezusa Chrystusa

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Szubtarski G.
Roczniki Teologii Fundamentalnej i Religiologii
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2013
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vol. 5
201-214
EN
The article is an attempt to analyse the influence of Christ's resurrection for the reinterpretation of his activity by his disciples. In the first two sections biblical scenes are examined which demonstrate the initial misunderstanding of Jesus’ activity by his disciples and its reinterpretation after the resurrection. The third point focuses on the analysis of the verb “to remind” (gr. mimnos- komai), including its context. It demonstrates that this word does not only mean “recall the memory” of certain words and events, but their reinterpretation. The fourth point focuses on the role of the Paraclete, who helped (and even was necessary to) the disciples to make this reinterpretation of Jesus’ words and deeds, which initially they did not understand. At the end it has been noted that this after-resurrection reflection should be seen as an argument for the reality of Jesus Christ’s resurrection. The metamorphosis that has taken place not only in the thinking, but also in the behaviour of the disciples, shows how powerful this event was for them.
3

Prawo do manifestowania przekonań religijnych poprzez symbole religijne w świetle wyroku w sprawie Eweida i inni przeciwko Zjednoczonemu Królestwu z 15 stycznia 2013 roku

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Szubtarski G.
Kościół i Prawo
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2016
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issue 5 (18) nr 2
185-203
PL
W artykule została omówiona problematyka związana z prawem do manifestowania przekonań religijnych na podstawie obowiązujących norm prawa europejskiego, których konkretyzację stanowi orzecznictwo ETPC. W sposób szczególny zwrócono uwagę na bardzo istotną rolę, jaką spełnia odpowiedź na pytanie, czy dane zachowanie stanowi manifestację przekonań religijnych, czy też jest nimi jedynie inspirowane bądź też jest kwestią osobistego wyboru. Jako przykład w trudności w odpowiedzi na to pytanie przywołano wyrok ETPC w sprawie Eweida i inni przeciwko Zjednoczonemu Królestwu, w którym kwestia ta zajmowała istotne miejsce. Trybunał uznał noszenie krzyżyka przez N. Eweidę i S. Chaplin za formę manifestacji ich wiary. Odrzucił jednocześnie stanowisko sądów brytyjskich, które zredukowały krzyżyk do biżuterii, a jego noszenie uznały za osobisty wybór skarżących.
EN
The article examines issues related to the right to manifest religious beliefs on the basis of existing European legislation, which is expressed especially in jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. In particular, it highlighted the very important role of giving the answer to the question whether the behavior is a manifestation of religious beliefs, or is it only inspired by them or is only a matter of personal choice. As an example of the difficulties in answering this question, there was invoked the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in case Eweida and others against the United Kingdom, where this issue has occupied an important place. The Court considered wearing a cross by N. Eweida and S. Chaplin as a form of manifestation of their faith. The Court rejected the position of the British courts, which reduced cross for jewelry, and his wearing considered as a personal choice of the applicants.
4
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Antykościelne ustawodawstwo w Hiszpanii na początku lat trzydziestych XX wieku

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Szubtarski G.
Kościół i Prawo
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2013
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issue 2(15)
101-113
EN
The article shows the problem of reducing Church influence in Spain at the beginning of 30s of the 20th century by passing a law against the Church. A good relationship was presented between Spain and the Holy See in 20th century, which brought about the signing of two concordats. Catholic religion was recognised as the main religion of the Spanish nation. Further is showed a change in this situation at the beginning of the 20th century and an increasing dislike to the Catholic Church among the Spanish nation which was considered to be closer to the authority than the ordinary people. It is also presented the anticlerical legislation of liberal politicians in 1931-1933. There is attention paid to the Constitution from 1931 which initiated a number of reforms against the Church. At the end there was an outlined relationship between the state and the Church after the civil war in Spain and negative consequences of anticlerical legislation of 30s which had an effect in perception of the Catholic Church in the Spanish community in following years.
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Antykościelne ustawodawstwo w ZSRR za rzadów Włodzimierza Lenina (1917-1923)

100%
Szubtarski G.
Kościół i Prawo
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2013
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issue 2 (15) nr 2
63-75
EN
The article examines the problem of anti-Church legislation in Russia during the reign of Vladimir Lenin in years 1917 to 1923. Atheistic Marxist ideology regarded religion as the enemy of progress. Therefore, the Bolsheviks took power after his determined fight against the Church, with a view to its total destruction. The first point shows a short period of reli-gious freedom in Russia after the February Revolution. The second section shows how much the situation has changed after the Bolsheviks came to power. They began to pass laws that restrict the activities of the Church in the country. The third point examines a second wave of attacks on the Church in the early twenties, mainly involving the confiscation of church property. All these activities have begun a period of aggressive policy against the Church, which continued for another decades.
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Obowiązek życia w domu zakonnym a możliwość tymczasowego przebywania poza wspólnotą w wybranych dokumentach Kościoła i Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 roku

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Szubtarski G.
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
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2016
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vol. 26
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issue 3
141-153
PL
W niniejszym artykule zostały przedstawione okoliczności, w których zakonnik może tymczasowo przebywać poza wspólnotą zakonną, pomimo spoczywającego na nim obowiązku mieszkania w domu zakonnym. W pierwszym punkcie ukazano, w jaki sposób kwestia ta była rozwiązywana w regułach zakonnych w pierwszych wiekach. W drugim punkcie przedstawiono dokumenty kościelne od Soboru Watykańskiego II do 1983 r., w których poruszany był ten temat. W ostatnim punkcie wskazano na rozstrzygnięcia, które w tej kwestii zawiera Kodeks Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że w pewnych sytuacjach prawo dopuszcza, aby zakonnik otrzymał zgodę na przebywanie poza domem zakonnym, pomimo spoczywającego na nim obowiązku przebywania we wspólnocie. Jest to wyraz roztropności prawodawcy kościelnego, dla którego najważniejszym celem jest dobro dusz.
EN
This article sets out the circumstances, in which religious may temporarily stay outside the religious community, despite his duty to live in a religious house. The first point shows, how this issue was resolved in the religious rules in the first centuries of the Church. The second section presents the church documents from Vatican Council II to the 1983, in which this topic was moved. The last point indicates the provisions, which in this issue contains the 1983 Code of Canon Law. The conducted analyzes showed that in certain circumstances the law allows to religious to receive a permission to reside outside the religious house, despite his duty to staying in the community. It is a sign of legislator of the Church’s wisdom, for which the most important objective of a law is spiritual profit of souls.
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