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Seven infringements most frequently committed by competitors during a judo fight

100%

Adam M., Laskowski R., Kownacki S., Abele A., Smaruj M.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

2018

vol. 18

issue 4

39-45

Problem and aim. Changes and adjustments to sports rules of judo fighting introduced in 2014 were in force during the World Championships in 2014 and 2015 as well as during the judo tournament at the Olympic Games in 2016. The most significant changes introduced in 2014 included reducing the importance of warnings that could not balance effective technical attacks such as yuko and waza ari. An athlete could receive a warning three times during one fight, which would determine winning the fight by ten points (ippon). However, a warning received for the fourth time would lead to the athlete’s disqualification. Taking into account the fact that penalties are an important part of technical and tactical preparation in judo, the purpose of the research was to define the most common infringements in this sport. Method. The research material was made of an analysis of 846 fights conducted by men during the World Championships in 2014 and 2015, in which all warnings were registered. Results. The collected material allowed concluding that non- combativity during a fight was the most frequently committed rule infringement. Seven most frequent infringements accounted for over ninety percent of all registered penalties in these contests, while the sports rules specify more than forty of them.

Problem i cel. Zmiany przepisów sportowych walki w judo wprowadzone w 2014 roku obowiązywały podczas rozgrywania Mistrzostw Świata w roku 2014 i 2015 oraz podczas Igrzysk Olimpijskich w 2016 roku. Do najbardziej istotnych korekt wprowadzonych w 2014 roku należało ograniczenie znaczenia upomnień, które nie mogły równoważyć skutecznych ataków technicznych takich jak yuko (5 punktów) i waza ari (7 punktów). Korekty w przepisach, poza troską o bezpieczeństwo sportowców, mają również na celu zwiększenie widowiskowości walki „positive judo”. Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że dotychczasowe analizy walki w judo koncentrowały się głównie na skuteczności wykonania technik, a problematyka kar była rzadziej podejmowana, celem badań było określenie najczęściej popełnianych przewinień w tej dyscyplinie sportu. Materiał i metoda. Materiał badawczy stanowiła analiza 846 walk stoczonych przez mężczyzn podczas Mistrzostw Świata w 2014 i 2015 roku, w których zarejestrowano wszystkie upomnienia sędziowskie, które otrzymali zawodnicy. Wyniki. Zebrany materiał pozwolił stwierdzić, że do najczęściej popełnianych przewinień należał braku aktywności podczas walki. Kolejnych siedem powtarzających się wykroczeń, które popełniali zawodnicy, stanowiło ponad dziewięćdziesiąt procent wszystkich zarejestrowanych w tych zawodach kar, podczas gdy regulamin sportowy Międzynarodowej Federacji Judo określa ich ponad czterdzieści.

Analyzing Body Values in the Context of Postmodern Youth Education. A Comparative Study Between Italy, Latvia and Romania

86%

Isidori E., Abele A., Sandor J., Ganea I., Taddei F., Maulini C.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

2010

vol. 49

issue 1

65-71

Nowadays, research on the body and the values it embodies is considered fundamental in the research field of sport studies. There is a correlation between the choice of values preferred by youth and changes taking place in contemporary society. The postmodern society is a society in which body values prevail over all other ones; the type of body values dominant in a capitalist society are mostly those which are connected to the hedonistic, esthetic and emotional dimension of the body itself.Starting from this background, this study aims to draw the hierarchy of body values, focusing on sport sciences students at Italian, Latvian and Romanian universities, who will be future educators and professionals of body care and well-being in the European society, in order to understand their preferences and the possible cultural differences that can emerge from the three societies.To carry out the research, a randomized sample of 300 subjects - female and male students (100 per country) - attending first-, second- and third-year sport sciences courses at the University of Rome "Foro Italico", the Latvian Academy of Sport Education in Riga, and Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca were selected.The students' values hierarchy was obtained through a Likert-scale-based questionnaire adapted and translated into Italian, Latvian and Romanian. The aim of the questionnaire was to detect the level of agreeability or disagreeability shown by each student when presented with words regarding 10 main body values models: biological body; ecological body; instrumental body; dynamic/sporting body, emotional/social body; ethical body; esthetical body; religious body; intellectual body; pleasure body.The data obtained were statistically processed and compared. The results showed that the hierarchy of body values in young students of sports sciences is broadly in line with those of postmodern society and education, and that there are differences in the perception of values among students due to cultural differences and the traditions of the societies in which they live. The research also highlighted the need to develop a more effective moral education, one that focuses on ethics, in the curricula of the three universities studied.

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1 Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

1 Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

2 Abele A.

1 Adam M.

1 Ganea I.

1 Isidori E.

1 Kownacki S.

1 Laskowski R.

1 Maulini C.

1 Sandor J.

1 Smaruj M.

1 Taddei F.

1 2018

1 2010

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Seven infringements most frequently committed by competitors during a judo fight

Analyzing Body Values in the Context of Postmodern Youth Education. A Comparative Study Between Italy, Latvia and Romania