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Filozofia Nauki
|
1997
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vol. 5
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issue 2
21-52
PL
The central claim of this paper is the following. There are two different types of notions applied in science, and in fact in any discourse whatsoever. Some of the notions are veristic, i.e. they refer to some specific fairly well defined entities (individual objects, species, relations, systems, regularities, etc.). But there are also heuristic notions that serve the users to call attention to the fact that a specific situation can be accounted for, or even less - there is a chance that it can be accounted for, in a certain way known already from some earlier application of similar ideas. On numerous occasions we argue by analogy. Now, to argue by analogy means to treat the situation accounted for as „similar” to some other already familiar situations. The similarity in question can amount to some fairly explicitly stated expectations, which go beyond the available evidence. The heuristic notions can be characterized as the notions in terms of which such expectations are stated. Since the right interpretation of those expectations should be defined anew any time when an argument by analogy is applied, also the concepts they involve share this characteristic. Thus while the veristic concepts have some fixed references, the reference of a heuristic concept should be defined anew every time when the concept is used. A theory which involves any heuristic notions is called heuristic. A theory is said to be veristic if all the descriptive notions it involves are veristic. The notion of truth can be in a straightforward way applied to veristic theories only.
2
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Was Ajdukiewicz a Great Man?

100%
Filozofia Nauki
|
2000
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vol. 8
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issue 2
115-124
PL
Ryszard Wójcicki's book „Ajdukiewicz. A Theory of Meaning” opens a series of publications "Filozofia polska XX wieku" [Polish Philosophy of XXth Century], created by Wójcicki. The main subject of the book is a theory of the meaning of linguistic expressions, which was formulated in the thirties and is known as a directival theory of meaning. The aim that the author has set for himself is not only to present and popularise that theory (these aims are implied by the character of the series), but also the evaluation of its material adequacy and its significance for further investigations of language as a means of representation and transmission of knowledge. Adam Nowaczyk tries to show that Wójcicki's critique of Ajdukiewicz's conception is unjustified, for the fallacy allegedly committed in this conception is either only apparent or else easily remediable. Wójcicki disagrees with Nowaczyk's objection.
5
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Language of Scientific Theories

100%
Filozofia Nauki
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1996
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vol. 4
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issue 3
17-44
PL
The author presents three formal concepts of language: syntactical, semantical and pragmatical one. They are used to provide an analysis of the problem of context in the language.
Filozofia Nauki
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2010
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vol. 18
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issue 2
57-63
7
50%
Filozofia Nauki
|
2002
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vol. 10
|
issue 2
61-63
PL
  
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