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Przyczyny nieuchwytności efektu learning-by - exporting w badaniach polskich przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych

100%
Serwach T., Gabrielczak P.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 1
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issue 3
279-291
EN
In literature one can find the learning-by-exporting hypothesis (LBE), according to which exporters should increase their productivity due to experience gained from international activity. However, when researching into Polish exporters, this hypothesis has not yet been sufficiently proven. The aim of this article is to present potential reasons for elusiveness of the LBE effect in empirical analyses based on Polish manufacturing enterprises. Both, mechanisms questioning the LBE effect and factors limiting its scope, were considered. Based on conducted analyses it has been concluded that the main factors rendering difficult in observation of LBE are: quick diffusion of all innovational solutions, which restrains enterprises from investing, and relatively small share of ex-porters with little experience, among whom the effect is the strongest.
2
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Firm-Size Distribution in Poland: Is Power Law Applicable?

100%
Gabrielczak P., Serwach T.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2021
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vol. 306
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issue 2
31-49
PL
Artykuł koncentruje się na istnieniu praw potęgowych w rozkładzie wielkości firm w Polsce. Przetestowano empirycznie, czy rozkład wielkości firm w Polsce ma cechy prawa Zipfa – szczególnego przypadku prawa potęgowego obserwowanego w wielu różnych kontekstach w literaturze ekonomicznej. W analizie wykorzystano dane z roku 2019, dotyczące 2000 największych przedsiębiorstw w Polsce, notowanych na Liście 2000 „Rzeczpospolitej”. Dokonano przeglądu teoretycznych mechanizmów generujących prawa potęgowe, a w analizie empirycznej zastosowano kilka estymatorów wykładnika potęgi. Uzyskane przez nas wyniki potwierdzają istotne statystycznie odchylenia od prawa Zipfa w przypadku rozkładu wielkości firm w Polsce. Znaleźliśmy dowody na to, że prawo potęgowe nie jest w stanie w zadowalający sposób aproksymować rozkładu firm opartego na sprzedaży.
EN
This article focuses on the existence of power laws in the firm-size distribution in Poland. Specifically, we empirically test whether the size distribution of companies in Poland has the characteristics of Zipf ’s law, a special case of power law observed in many different contexts in empirical economic literature. Our analysis uses 2019 data on the 2,000 largest companies in Poland as ranked by the Rzeczpospolita daily newspaper in its “Lista 2000” (Top 2,000 List). We reviewed theoretical mechanisms generating power laws and used several estimators of the power-law exponent in our empirical analysis. Our results confirm statistically significant deviations from Zipf ’s law in the firm-size distribution in Poland. We found evidence that the power law cannot satisfactorily approximate the sales-based distribution of firms.
3
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Countries’ Position in the International Trade Network According to Self-Sufficiency of Their Export Production And the Width of Their Trade Contacts

100%
Serwach T., Gabrielczak P.
Horyzonty Polityki
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 25
111-123
EN
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The first objective of this paper is to evaluate countries’ position in the international trade network with regard to their two dimensions: their self-sufficiency and extent of their trade contacts. The second objective is to test the implications of the utilized criteria for the European Union member states. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: It was decided to classify countries using the data on foreign value added in trade and network characteristics (mainly – vertex centrality). Different categories of countries were identified and labelled according to that criteria. Later, correlation analysis was used to determine if the utilised criteria had any effect on countries’ welfare and shock resistance. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: In our opinion, countries that play an important role in international trade network should be important partners for numerous other countries. However, that criterion is not enough, as many less developed countries serve simply as assembly lines for value created elsewhere. Therefore we focused also on the share of imported value added to the total value of exported goods. We then tested if our notions translate to national welfare and export’s resistance to external shocks, such as the Great Trade Collapse of 2008/2009. RESEARCH RESULTS: The classification concept was applied to a sample of EU member states displaying differences between Old and New member states. The analysis proved differences in welfare and stability of export performance during the Great Trade Collapse among countries with different levels of export and import contacts and intensity of relying on imported inputs for their own export production. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: It is vital to diversify export and import contacts due to possible impact of those characteristics on welfare level and stability of trade flows. At the same time, the effects of engagement in international production networks creates a tradeoff: higher dependence on foreign inputs may stabilize trade dynamics at the expense of lowering GDP level.
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