As a result of the war – Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022 – a huge number of refugees began to flee to the countries bordering with Ukraine in the west – including mainly to Poland. This regarded women, children and the elderly, because due to the ordered mobilization of men aged 18–60–years old, they could not, with some exceptions, leave Ukraine. This is a completely new situation – no such large European nation has been forced to migrate so violently since World War II. The aim of the article is to present and analyze the migration of Ukrainian citizens to Poland caused by the Russian invasion – the course of this migration and the places where refugees stayed on the territory of Poland. Since Russia’s activities had increased anxiety already before the invasion began, the analysis also covers the earlier period. Therefore, migration has been presented in detail since 1 January 2022, while 31 July 2022 has been adopted as the end date of the analyzed data.
Aby samorząd szczebla lokalnego (w Polsce: powiaty i gminy) mógł należycie spełniać funkcje dostarczyciela usług publicznych, konieczne jest spełnienie szeregu warunków. Jednym z nich jest bieżące monitorowanie jakości usług, a następnie ich diagnozowanie. W artykule przedstawiono propozycję budowy takiego systemu, w ramach którego usługi publiczne są monitorowane w pięciu obszarach działania (administracja, pomoc i opieka, gospodarka komunalna, kultura i wypoczynek, edukacja i wychowanie) podzielonych łącznie na 27 zadań do których przyporządkowane są już konkretne wskaźniki monitorujące. Prezentowany system monitoringu jakości usług publicznych jest częścią większej całości obejmującej także system monitoringu jakości życia (na szczeblu lokalnym) oraz efekt synergiczny osiągany poprzez połączenie obu tych podsystemów w jeden.
EN
In order for the local government (in Poland: poviats and communes) to properly act as a provider of public services, it is necessary to meet a number of conditions. One of them is the ongoing monitoring of the quality of services, and then their diagnosis. The article presents a proposal for the construction of a system in which public services are monitored in five areas (administration, welfare and care, municipal economy, culture and leisure, education) divided into a total of 27 tasks that are associated with specific indicators. The presented system of monitoring of the quality of public services is part of a larger whole encompassing also the monitoring of the quality of life (at the local level) and a synergistic effect achieved through a combination of both of these systems into one.
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