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THE EFFECT OF ACCUMULATED RESOURCES ON RISK TAKING - IN MEMORY OF FERENC MÉREI

100%
Farago K.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2008
|
vol. 63
|
issue 4
651-675
EN
Research offers a contradictory picture of the impact of accumulated resources on risk taking: both risk taking and risk avoidance were found in cases of either large or small resources.The authoress conducted a field experiment to study the behavior of students having abundant, enough or too few points (accumulated resource) to be able to pass a course requirement. Students received tasks of three levels of difficulty. Choosing more difficult tasks enabled them to gain more points. Everybody had two tasks to solve: one framed in a positive way, the other in a negative way. She compared the results of the field experiment to the results of two other investigations: to a questionnaire conducted with managers about risk taking in a successful or unsuccessful, increasing or decreasing enterprise, and to a hypothetical advice giving situation. She can generalize from her results collected in these different contexts that when close to the extinction point, people take biggest risks. Having abundant resources they also take big risks, but mainly in the negative frame. Having medium amount of resources, they are risk avoidant. The authoress discussed her results in the framework of Kurt Lewin's dynamic psychology, showing that the simultaneous consideration of situational, motivational and perceptual factors as well as the tendency to get better or worse, helps to understand risk taking.
2

COGNITIVE APPROACH TO CALIBRATION

63%
Farago K., Mora L. X.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2006
|
vol. 61
|
issue 3
451-475
EN
Calibration is an important issue in research investigating the appropriateness of probability judgements. Traditionally, calibration has been studied using normative standards, which suggested a general bias (overconfidence). Instead of the normative approach, which considers the rightness of probability judgements, the support theory focuses on how judgements are made. The authors' aim was to study the effect of knowledge and feedback on calibration. They selected groups differing in the amount of their knowledge and in the frequency of the feedback relating to this knowledge. They found that only the amount, and not the feedback, influenced calibration. The results are interpreted in accordance of the support theory: intensity (the stereotypical image about the group's knowledge) is used as a basis for calibration, while the weight of the information (feedback) is neglected.
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