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Powojenne problemy społeczno-gospodarcze Lubelszczyzny lat 1944–1945 w świetle sprawozdania Izby Przemysłowo-Handlowej w Lublinie

100%
Osiński T.
Res Historica
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2015
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issue 39
EN
The communist authorities in Poland had little social support, which was the reason why they had to activate the institutions and employees of the inter-war period in the process of bringing order to the socio-economic situation in the country. Chambers of Industry and Commerce of the Second Polish Republic were an important link between the authorities and entrepreneurs. In the changed reality they were a form of organization of private industry and trade. The authorities used these institutions to bring an end to the private sector in industry and commerce during the process of industry nationalization and the subsequent “battle of trade”. The current document is an example of a periodical report prepared by the Chamber of Industry and Trade of Lublin, which sheds light on the first year after Germans were expelled from the Lublin region. It describes the process of reactivation of the Chamber and its subordination to the Polish Committee of National Liberation. It also addresses the issues of employment, prices, provision of supplies, effect of transportation difficulties on the process of normalization of economic activity and transfer of money. The second part characterizes the state of industry in the division of sectors, protection against machinery dismantling and transportation to Germany as well as features of post-war chaos. The final part analyses the specific nature of trade in the Lublinregion, taking as its starting point the reflections on the inter-war period trade, mentioning main exported goods, characterizing sector structure and effects of war. The document also contains some reference to the insecurity blocking private initiative and fears against implementing the Russian model of trade.
PL
Władza komunistyczne w Polsce, posiadając niewielkie poparcie społeczne, musiały w procesie porządkowanie życia społeczno-gospodarczego odwołać się do przedwojennych instytucji i kadr. Izby Przemysłowo-Handlowe w II Rzeczypospolitej stanowiły ogniwo pośredniczące w kontaktach pomiędzy aparatem państwowym a przedsiębiorcami. W zmienionej rzeczywistości funkcjonowały jako forma organizacyjna prywatnego przemysłu i handlu. Wykorzystano je w zdecydowanej rozprawie z sektorem prywatnym w przemyśle i handlu podczas nacjonalizacji przemysłu, a następnie „bitwy o handel”. Publikowany dokument stanowi przykład raportu periodycznego przygotowanego przez Izbę Przemysłowo-Handlową w Lublinie, zawierającego informacje na temat bardzo ciekawego okresu pierwszego roku po wyparciu Niemców z Lubelszczyzny. Znajduje się tu opis reaktywowania Izby i podporządkowania Polskiemu Komitetowi Wyzwolenia Narodowego. Omówiono w nim zagadnienie zatrudnienia, cen, aprowizacji, wpływu trudności komunikacyjnych na normalizację życia gospodarczego, środków pieniężnych. Drugą część stanowi charakterystyka stanu przemysłu w podziale branżowym, ochrony przed demontażem i wywiezieniem do Niemiec, powojennego chaosu. W ostatniej części dokonano analizy specyfiki handlu na Lubelszczyźnie. Punktem wyjścia są uwagi na temat handlu przedwojennego, wskazanie głównych produktów eksportowych, charakterystyki struktury branżowej i skutków wojny. Pojawia się także wątek blokującej inicjatywę prywatną niepewności i obaw przed wdrażaniem wzorców radzieckich w handlu.
2
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Tabela prestacyjna z 1846 I dodatkowa z 1861 r. miasta Zaklikowa

100%
Osiński T.
Rocznik Lubelskiego Towarzystwa Genealogicznego
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2012
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vol. 4
230-256
EN
The Tsar ukase from 7th June 1846 imposed on landowners a duty of making out household register charts, i. e. lists of obligations and rights of the rural inhabitants of villages and towns, which turned out to be exceptionally detailed in comparison to the old ones. The legislator assumed that writing down ”remunerations, obligations and duties” would be the first step in the process of liquidating additional payments and forced renting. A description of households included in the chart contained a few basic elements. Apart from the information which using the present nomenclature could be called personal data (name and surname, profession, house number), the chart contained 6 categories: “farmers” wages and obligations towards the landowner, Church institutions, county, government and Insurance Head Office. Unfortunately, the procedure of preparing the chart as well as the process of verification opened a way to giving false information. Regardless of the fact this type of sources is highly valued by historians for research opportunities . The chart presented in the article contains the data concerning inhabitants of Zaklików, a typical small town in the Lublin Region, where apart from crafts farming was the basis of existence. The presented source has additional significance for learning about social and professional structure formed by the inhabitants of Zaklików, because during World War II the files of register office were destroyed.
3
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Józef Aleksander Puchała, senator - kasztelan Królestwa Polskiego i jego potomkowie w XIX i na początku XX w

100%
Osiński T.
Rocznik Lubelskiego Towarzystwa Genealogicznego
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2009
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vol. 1
69 - 89
EN
The aim of this article is to reconstruct the genealogy of the Puchala family branch related to the Lublin Region. The Puchalas came from Mazovia and the first member of this family who formed ties with the Lublin Region through marriage and purchase of land was Jozef Puchala. This figure is stoill relatively poorly known despite of being "inter alia" the chairman of the Civil Tribunal of the Lublin department and the senator - castellan in the Kingdom of Poland. The analysis of this family's history allows to think that its members were coscious participants of polotical as well as social and economic life in Poland in the period after the Partitions. Public activity and patriotic attitude during insurrections prove the high moral and intellectual merots of the family members. They married with members of well known and respected families in the Lublin Region: the Suchodolskis, the Wybranowskis, the Szlubowskis, the Rulikowskis which indicated their growing prestige and positions among the manor nobility
4
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Ziemianie w prasowym rysunku satyrycznym 1944–1956

100%
Osiński T.
Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały
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2019
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issue 17
PL
Artykuł jest próbą analizy propagandowego obrazu ziemiaństwa polskiego utrwalonego w rysunkach satyrycznych publikowanych w prasie w latach 1944–1956. Autor na podstawie ich treści opracował klasyfikację głównych zagadnień, w kontekście których odwoływano się do tej warstwy społecznej. Należą do nich: reforma rolna, walka ze Stanisławem Mikołajczykiem i PSL, przekształcenia społeczno-gospodarcze, życie codzienne, kontestacja systemu (oskarżenia o sabotaż, szkodnictwo gospodarcze, związki z emigracją i podziemiem).
EN
The article is an attempt to analyse the propaganda image of the Polish landed gentry preserved in satirical drawings published in the press in 1944–1956. On the basis of the press analysis, the author developed a classification of the main contexts in which references were made to this social stratum. These include: land reform, the fight against Stanisław Mikołajczyk and the Polish People’s Party, socio-economic transformation, everyday life, contesting the system (accusations of sabotage, economic damage, links with emigration and the underground).
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