Search results - CEJSH

1

Leaving Berkeley after 35 years: An Interview with Arlie Hochschild

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Krizkova A.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2006

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vol. 7

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issue 2

63-68

EN

The interview with Arlie Hochschild took place in Berkeley in May 2006 when she was about to finish her formal academic career as a professor of sociology. Hochschild has introduced into sociology concepts such as the second shift, the stalled revolution, management of emotions, emotional work, the time bind, and many more. Arlie has been a major contributor to the field of sociology and we are grateful for the time she spared for this interview. She is the author of 'The Unexpected Community' (1973), 'The Managed Heart' (1983), 'The Second Shift' (1989), 'The Time Bind' (1997), 'Global Woman: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy' (co-edited with Barbara Ehrenreich, 2002) and 'The Commercial Spirit of Intimate Life and Other Essays' (2003). Her books have been translated in many languages, but none are yet available in Czech.

2

THE HISTORY OF AN APARTMENT BLOCK AS AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPT (Historia bloku mieszkalnego jako koncepcji antropologicznej)

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Mioduszewska Z.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2009

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vol. 53

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issue 2

3-19

EN

This analysis is a chronological presentation of the proposals for architecture that would solve the problem of housing for the masses as well as concepts that influenced the designs of post-war housing estates - from patronage housing estate and the 19th century utopian ideas (phalanstery) through 20th century concepts of a neighbourhood unit (social housing estate), up to a modern block of flats. The prototypes of blocks of flats were on the one hand the first workers' housing estates and the spatial concepts created by utopian socialism, and on the other the social housing realized in the 1930s, in line with the principles declared in the Athens Charter and during the International Congresses of Modern Architecture.

3

THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF A FORGOTTEN TOPIC: SOCIOLOGY OF PROFESSIONS IN THE CHANGING WORLD OF WORK (Pritazlivost zabudnutej temy: sociologia profesii v meniacom sa svete prace)

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Hofreiter R.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2009

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vol. 41

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issue 5

411-436

EN

The main task of this article is critical analysis of usefulness of the concept of professions. The main argument presented in article is that the most widespread theoretical perspectives on professions - based on structural functionalism or neo-Weberian approaches - are not helpful in analysis of contemporary world of work. We argue that actual transformation of organization of work is the main reason why the concept of professions as a special and unique occupational group should be abandoned and replaced by the concept of professionalism, understood as a specific discursive mechanism of control.

4

INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION IN THE FACE OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND STIGMA PHENOMENA (Edukacja miedzykulturowa wobec zjawisk wykluczenia spolecznego i pietna)

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Stochmialek J.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2011

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vol. 17

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issue 1

102-112

EN

It seems that the characteristic feature of modern societies is their cultural, religious, ethnic and language diversity. Intercultural education is assigned a special role in creating national, regional or unit identity, taking into consideration such attributes as, for example, mother language, national and cultural symbols and development of social links. Rich theoretical output of multi- and intercultural education allows for looking at the occurrence of social inequalities, marginalization and exclusion relating to, for example, national and ethnic minorities, diasporas, emigrants or political refugees, in a new light. Te significant place in the discussion on this subject belongs to the theoretical analysis of the occurrence of the stigma phenomenon and the possibility of using the output of social capital concept and intercultural counseling, supporting the identity of individuals representing various national or ethnic groups.

5

Immigrant Women in Greece. A Biographical Study of Domestic Workers

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Vassilikou C.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2007

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vol. 8

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issue 1

40-45

EN

The article discusses immigrant women arriving in Greece since 1990 from the Balkans and the former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Immigrant women in Greece are usually domestic workers responding to the local population's needs for services connected mainly with children and the elderly. Using the biographical method based on life stories, the paper examines their actual position, their identity crisis and their status in relation to social welfare. The analysis concludes with the following observation: these women are vulnerable first as illegal immigrants and also because of the serious identity problem caused by the precariousness of their occupation.

6

EVERYDAY LIFE ROUND THE SCRAP YARDS IN WARSAW (Codziennosc wokól skupów zlomu w Warszawie)

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Mostowska M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2009

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vol. 53

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issue 2

77-96

EN

This paper explores the survival strategies, daily-paths and everyday activities of a group of homeless men in Warsaw who live by scavenging. It is based on data collected during three months (April-June 2008) of participant observation focussed on a street corner in the vicinity of two recycling centres/scrap yards, where a group of waste-picking men after selling the scavenged goods meet and hang out on a daily basis. The place performs multiple functions and is a central point both in their daily-paths, their time-organizing framework and their functions in a group.

7

Potenciální finanční nedostupnost nájemního bydlení po deregulaci nájemného – regionální perspektiva

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Mikeszova M., Lux M., Morisseau A.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2009

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vol. 45

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issue 2

315-344

EN

The article deals with an analysis of regional differences in rental housing affordability following rent deregulation in the Czech Republic. The objective is to identify the types of households potentially at risk of being unable to afford housing, to map the development of potential housing (un)affordability since 2000, and to trace the development of regional differences in the percentage of at-risk households in the Czech Republic. Owing to the absence of useful aggregate data on incomes and expenditures for different household types in the regions of the Czech Republic, the authors created their own simulation methodology for measuring housing affordability, which uses available regional wage statistics and data on market rents. The results indicate that the general risk of being unable to afford rental housing and regional differences in housing affordability are both decreasing, but there is still a relatively large group of households that under current wage conditions for paying social benefits would be unable to afford to pay market rents.

8

THE SHTETL'S SPACE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY - FROM SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

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Markowski A.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2007

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vol. 13

213-228

EN

The paper is devoted to shtetl's space that is analyzed in the sociological framework. Starting from theoretical assumptions of the sociology of space, the author attempts to systematize and to characterize the modes and stages of the production of the space of the Jewish shtetl. The micro-level analysis allows to define the shtetl as a socio-spatial phenomenon. The article is supposed to be a significant contribution in understanding the shtetl's notion and in creating its definition that could transcend the framework of a simple historical or cultural analysis.

9

Minulost svatohelenských nekatolíků v zajetí výkladových schémat a povahy porozumění

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Pavlasek M.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2011

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vol. 98

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issue 1

81-87

EN

A discussion on history of Czechs in Bulgaria and Romania.

10

THE NEW ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY AND THE STRUCTURAL EMBEDDEDNESS OF THE MARKET (Nova ekonomicka sociologia a strukturny kontext trhu)

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Hofreiter R.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2011

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vol. 43

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issue 5

528-549

EN

The main aim of this article is to present contemporary theoretical developments in the economic sociology, especially an explanation of the structural context of the market. Since we have realized that current developments in economic sociology have not been fully reflected in Slovak sociology, we have adapted the structure of the text to this circumstance. The first part of article presents short characteristics of two economic theories because the current movement in the economic sociology is built on their critical reflection: the first is neoclassical economic theory used in the analysis of noneconomic phenomena (family, crime, education) and the second is the new institutional economy (the efficiency of institutions). The criticism of sociologists has led to their interest in objects of economic discipline (markets and firms). Their goal was a 'defence' of sociology through a sociological explanation of economic phenomena, and this idea is in the centre of the new economic sociology. The second part of the article presents the two main approaches of the new economic sociology: institutional embeddedness and network embeddedness. However, each of these approaches present just one part of the structural embeddedness of the market. The main challenge for economic sociology is to integrate their different conceptualizations of embeddedness. Therefore, in the third part of article, we present the integration potential of a field approach.

11

Sekundarizace pracovního trhu v ČR: příklad práce pokladních v prodejnách zahraničních obchodních řetězců

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Dudova R., Tomasek M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2008

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vol. 9

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issue 2

67-77

EN

Secondary labour markets usually involve job positions with forced flexibility and non-standard working conditions (part-time contracts, fixed-term contracts, work without a contract). They are characterized by no advancement prospects or opportunities for further education, exhausting physical work with inadequate wages and job insecurity, and a frequently long and tiring commute. The working conditions in this sector of the labour market often contribute to marginalization and then to the social exclusion of those who happen to be caught long term in this sector of the labour market instead of preventing and saving them from the risk of marginalization and social exclusion. One of the ways in which secondarization occurs is the universal introduction of part-time contracts in a particular sector of the labour market which then becomes an involuntary trap of underemployment, underpaid wage, insecurity and discrimination. The profession of cashier in foreigner retail chains is an example of such a development. This qualitative study shows the step by step degradation of the employment conditions in this sector and how the lives of women and men working in the sector have deteriorated. At the same time, the condition and status of the profession overall are declining. This phenomenon is referred to as the 'secondarization' process.

12

Jakość życia Lubuszan. Analiza potrzeb bytowych rodzin i ich oczekiwań wobec polityki społecznej w Polsce

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Fratczak-Muller J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Studia Sociologica

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2010

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issue 20

121-140

PL

W artykule autorka podejmuje próbę uchwycenia subiektywnych i obiektywnych wyznaczników jakości życia mieszkańców województwa lubuskiego. W swej analizie skupia uwagę na ocenie poziomu życia rodzin, uwarunkowaniach decyzji matrymonialnych, sposobach realizacji ról małżeńsko-rodzinnych, a także ocenach polityki społecznej w Polsce i oczekiwaniach w stosunku do niej kierowanych. Podstawą empiryczną artykułu są rezultaty sondażu przeprowadzonego w roku 2006 na próbie imiennej reprezentatywnej dla dorosłych mieszkańców województwa lubuskiego. W analizie autorka wykorzystała także rezultaty 29 wywiadów narracyjnych przeprowadzonych w roku 2008.

EN

It is attempted in the article to capture the subjective and objective indicators of the quality of life of Lubuskie province inhabitants. In the analysis, particular attention is paid to the assessment of families' living standards, determinants of matrimonial decisions, ways in which the marital/family roles are realized, and the assessment of social policy in Poland as well as the expectations regarding that policy. The empirical basis of the article comes from the results of a survey conducted in 2006 on a representative random sample of adult inhabitants of Lubuskie province. The results of 29 narrative interviews conducted in 2008 are also used in the analysis.

13

JAMES'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF INTERACTIONIST SOCIOLOGY

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Alijevova D.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2005

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vol. 37

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issue 3

215-226

EN

The article is devoted to evaluation of the contribution of William James as one of the founders of pragmatism to the origin of interactionist sociology. Along with the general recognition of special role of James among sociologists, we sometimes encounter a certain underestimation of his influence. The neglect of relevant attention to his legacy was partly conditioned by the overall silence concerning the founders of interactionism that dominated over American sociology thanks Parsons. But in fact it was Jamesian postulate of radical empiricism that was so important for the formation of empirical orientation in early American sociology. A Jamesian emphasis on the empirical world as the point of departure and the point of return became the starting point for the interactionism in its research as well as in its social politics, which was based on the principle of meliorism, which was the cornerstone of Jamesian pragmatism. Pragmatism also declared the conception of active human being, which became the fundamental principle of early interactionists (W. I. Thomas, R. Park. G. H. Mead). This idea followed from Jamesian conception of the stream of consciousness. In 'The Principles of Psychology' James has developed an original theory of 'multiple Self', which was the source of the Coolean and the Meadean conception of Self. His analysis of the elements of Self (Me and I) prepared the development of the reference group theory and the theory of role sets. James abandoned the position of dogmatic monism and tends toward pluralism. His persistent attempt to relativise the Self, the consciousness, the truth, led him to the discovery of a world that is very similar to our 'risk-filled', uncertain and fallible post-modern world. The fruitfulness of James's legacy is evident today, when his idea of the 'multiple Self' is successfully applied to building a theory of identity of post-modern man.

14

THEORY AND SOCIOLOGY OF CULTURE OF ANTONINA KLOSKOWSKA

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Bokszanski Z.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2006

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vol. 50

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issue 3

191-200

EN

The author portrays Antonina Kloskowska as a theorist and sociologist of culture. He writes about her early inspirations and traces her later fascinations: socio-cultural formation of individual character, personality, national character; search for mutual relations - theoretical and empirical - between various dimensions of culture within a global culture and the developed concept of culture as a symbolic and autotelic phenomenon. Drawing from the achievements of international sociology and continuing the Polish sociological tradition Kloskowska formulated the theoretical and methodological foundations of sociology of culture as an independent field of sociological research. Her studies which laid a foundation for intensive contacts between the sociologists of culture and representatives of other fields of liberal arts formed several generations of students of culture in Poland.

15

INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE ADAPTATION TO SUFFERING IN CONDITIONS OF EXTERNAL DURESS

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Smykowski J.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2007

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vol. 51

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issue 2

47-63

EN

'The author of the article analyses the psycho-social changes which occur in individuals and groups from the moment at which they are arrested/held to the moment at which they are placed in a camp. The tool for this analysis is the definition of suffering with its various dimensions. The briefly described process of human degradation was carried out by the organisational, material, psychological and social conditions created by the USSR's repressive apparatus. These conditions gradually reduced human needs to a basic, biological level. This reduction was caused by the suffering of individuals and groups at every possible level. The article compares the adaptation of adults and children to the conditions in which they found themselves.

16

YOUNG POLISH JEWS AND THEIR IDENTITY DILEMMA

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Szafranska K. A.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2004

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vol. 48

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issue 1

97-122

EN

The article familiarizes the reader with reasons and consequences of the actions undertaken by young Polish Jews, which contribute to the construction of the Jewish identity. The first part of the text deals with the struggle of the youngsters with identity problems built on the feeling of exclusion and inadequacy of individuals who discover their Jewish descent. The second part is devoted to the work on identity, which entails actions undertaken by the respondents to transform the subjective imagery concerning their marginal situation as well as work on further interactions. The Jewish identity is analyzed here in the postmodern context, which allows us to treat it as a project with many possible ways of its completion.

17

IS THE ETHNIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM A BETTER ALTERNATIVE FOR IMMIGRANTS AS THE SEGMENTED LABOUR MARKET?

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Garrido A. A., Olmos J. C. C., Olmos F. C.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2006

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vol. 38

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issue 5

399-414

EN

The article analyses the integration process of the immigrants coming from the non-member states of the EU into the labour market in the Spanish province of Almeria. A main characteristic of the labour market the immigrants enter into is its segmentation. The immigrants are engaged in a labour that is regarded by the majority society as a less valuable due to its precariousness, temporary character, and low wages. Some of the immigrants make attempts to avoid the segmented labour market by starting their own business. Thus, they create an ethnic economic system wherein the employers as well as the employees speak their mother tongue, come from the same ethnic group, and whose products are designated for their own ethnic community. The ethnic economy combines some of the features of both primary and secondary labour markets. It appears to become an alternative for only those immigrants who have an opportunity to start or to manage the entrepreneurial activities.

18

THE SOCIOLOGICAL INSPIRATION OF LEVI-STRAUSS (Sociologicke inspirace Clauda Levi-Strausse)

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Petrusek M.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2010

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vol. 42

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issue 4

383-403

EN

This study, which also has bearing on recent death of Claude Levi-Strauss, is concerned both with the questions how his work influenced sociology and how sociological thinking of his time was affected by his writings. Specifically, the following topics are addressed: the revitalization of the Durkheimian school, the relation between 'authentic' and 'inauthentic' societies, the problem of the historical perspective in the social sciences (in controversy with Sartre), his contribution to delineation (and redefinition) of the concept of 'social structure' (in controversy with Gurvitch), the formulation of the ' open future' problem, and especially the topic of progress (Levi-Strauss is considered to be a moderate 'cultural pessimist'). Three other significant problems are sketched out in this text: the transformation of the relation between anthropology and sociology, the question of race and the problem of racism – which are not unequivocal in Levi-Strauss's conception (and this holds true also for the topic of multiculturalism) - and the relation between 'classical structuralism' and post-structuralism.

19

THE RELATION OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND DE-STANDARDIZATION OF CAREER (Vztah mezinarodni migrace a destandardizace zivotnich drah)

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Parizkova A.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2011

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vol. 43

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issue 1

5-27

EN

During the years of transformation after 1989 the Czech Republic began to be incorporated into the structures of international institutions and became opened to the influences of the processes of globalization. In this context international labour migration occurred as a new possibility in career of Czech citizens. From some perspectives the migration is seen as a mean of de-standardization of career. This article analyzes the relation of international workforce mobility and de-standardization of career. Based on qualitative in-depth interviews with current migrants, the article shows how international migration influences individual phases (leaving parental home, completing education, entering labour market, marriage and parenthood) of the process of transition to adulthood.

20

Rozhodovací procesy při zodpovídání výzkumných dotazů

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Vinopal J.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

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2008

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vol. 6

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issue 1

9-14

EN

The article stands as the third part of a series about the question answering process during standardized surveys and elaborates the judgment making phase. The first part deals with attitude questions. In this regard, relevant theories of the nature of attitude are explained (true attitude model, construal model, the belief-sampling model); context effects that influence decision-making processes in the course of answering are described (i.e. the inclusion/exclusion model) and the effect of affective reactions like emotions is mentioned. In the second part concrete strategies and criterions of decision making are showed, which respondents use in the course of survey question answering process. This is done both with regard to factual and attitudinal questions.

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