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Konštantínove listy
|
2015
|
vol. 8
|
issue 8
78 – 87
EN
Nitra has always been perceived as a town with significant history. Its specific character in the studied period had been shaped by various cultural, artistic, and educational and research institutes. The presence of actors, visual artists, writers, scientists and musicians living in Nitra at the time helped to create the atmosphere where creativity and art flourished. Such a creative and culturally rich milieu stimulated complex intellectual and artistic activity which took place in the town. The article presents selected aspects of cultural life and activities for edification in Nitra from 1939 to 1945.
EN
The consequences that usually result from crises of regimes and changes in political-economic systems are the exchange of power political elites. This happened several times in Slovakia in the first half of the 20th century. From the central level of politics, the changes have been affected in the next stages of its lower grades – regions, towns and municipalities. The contribution submitted focuses on the 1930s and 1940s, when an authoritarian popular regime with totalitarian elements was established in Slovakia. In a case study of the long-time leader of Nitra, František Mojto, the author tries to outline the legitimacy and agility of the Nitra political elite. On his example, we can explicitly observe remarkable ways in the process of handing power over or cooperation of political actors at all levels of the state and party apparatus. At the same time, his case signals to us the continuity of personnel with the democratic Czechoslovak Republic, which, however, was rather the exception at the national level as a rule.
EN
The confession of Hungarian minority in the Slovak State only slightly differed from the confession of Slovak majority, however, there were different views on confessional issue of Hungarian minority that reflected unhealthy Czech-Slovak-Hungarian relationships. A religious sphere relating to the Hungarian minority reflected political and social development and an overall ratio of the state and churches. In reconstruction of this relationship, the study was based on a contradictory attitude of the first Republic towards churches. The study, therefore, apart from the period of 1939–1945, records the course of events in the Czechoslovak Republic during the interwar period. There was a change after 1939, when the most significant church in Slovakia – the Roman Catholic – became a support of political regime. Even in the ecclesiastical area associated with Hungarian community, the principle of reciprocity applied between Slovakia and Hungary was a decisive one. A conflict relationship of state apparatus or majority population towards the public worships in the Hungarian language was substantial. The results of this work are mainly based on the archive research, as well as the research of press at the time.
PL
Wyznanie mniejszości węgierskiej na Słowacji tylko w niewielkim stopniu różniło się od wyznania większości słowackiej. Istniały jednak różne opinie na kwestię wyznaniową mniejszości węgierskiej, które odzwierciedlały niezdrowe relacje między Czechami, Słowacją i Węgrami. Sfera religijna odnosząca się do mniejszości węgierskiej odzwierciedlała polityczny i społeczny rozwój i ogólną relację państwa i kościoła. W celu ukazania tej sytuacji, artykuł został oparty na przedstawieniu sprzecznej postawy pierwszej Republiki wobec kościoła. W opracowaniu – oprócz lat 1939–1945 – przedstawiono ciąg wydarzeń mających miejsce w Republice Czechosłowackiej w okresie międzywojennym. Po roku 1939 nastąpiła zmiana, kiedy to najważniejszy kościół w Słowacji (rzymskokatolicki) wsparł polityczny reżim. Nawet na terenach kościelnych mających związek ze społecznością węgierską zasada wzajemności między Słowacją a Węgrami była decydująca. Konfliktowa postawa aparatu państwa czy ludności stanowiącej większość wobec kultu publicznego obecnego w języku węgierskim była znacząca. Wyniki opracowania są oparte na badaniach archiwalnych oraz na analizie ówczesnej prasy.
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