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EN
(Polish title: Zyczenia noworoczne parafii luteranskich Leszna i Smigla z lat 1670-1790. Przyczynek do dziejów literatury okolicznosciowej i obyczajowosci mieszczanskiej w poludniowo-zachodniej Wielkopolsce). The article examines a collection of strena printed in Leszno between 1670 and 1790 for Lutheran parishes in Leszno and Smigiel, and currently held at the District Museum (Muzeum Okregowe) in Leszno. The author analyses their physical form as well as their content, confronting these data with other well-known examples of such publications printed in Gdansk, Wroclaw and Zgorzelec. The publications in question did not change greatly over time, both with regard to their content and layout. The content comprised a long title containing information identifying the sender and the addressee, as well as rhymed verse dealing with thanksgiving and beseeching. In important historic moments, the anonymous authors would try to refer to the current political situation (Turkish threat, loss of independence towards the end of the 18th century). The strena published in Leszno served specific social functions: they united the parishioners, were an important element of the parishes' charity work and a manifestation of literary activity of the clergy.
EN
The article deals with the problem of debts in polish health service. Author analyzes the macroeconomic reasons of this situation. As a main reasons are indicated: a specificity of the health service market, which leads to a inefficient allocation of health services, lack of reliable data on health care system, too low level of public expenditure on a health care, inappropriate allocation of public capital and a monopolistic position of the payer.
EN
The article deals with the problem of balanced unemployment in relation to the Polish economy. This issue with its variety considerations and economic, social and political implications is today one of the most important matter. Author analyses this problem together with its reasons and refer it to the Polish economy. In first and second part of the text there are presented basic assumptions of natural unemployment theory and Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment. Third part is an analysis of balanced unemployment in the Polish economy
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