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1

BOL ANTISTHENÉS PÝTHAGOROVEC?

100%
Škvrnda F.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2016
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vol. 71
|
issue 2
96 – 106
EN
The present paper offers a new interpretation of the relation between cynic philosophy and Pythagoreism. It tries to shed light on the Antisthenian concept of philosophy as a peculiar blend of Socratic and Pythagorean attitudes and concepts. Its first part deals with Diodoros of Aspendus and his characteristics as a cynic. In the second part, some of the fundamental aspects of cynic philosophy going back to mythical Heracles and his Pythagorean lore are traced. The investigations end with the conclusion that there is no contradiction between the cynic philosophy and Pythagorean way of life.
2
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O spravodlivosti vojny na začiatku 21. storočia : Rastúca morálna protirečivosť vojen v globálnom veku a jej súvislosti a dôsledky

100%
Škvrnda F.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2016
|
vol. 64
|
issue 5
761-772
EN
A review study based on the content of the works of J. Velek, Kapitoly z teorie spravedlivé války (Chapters in the Theory of Just War) and B. Sutor, Od spravedlivé války ke spravedlivému míru? Etapy a šance procesu dějinného poučení (From Just War to Just Peace? Stages and Opportunities in the Process of Historical Teaching). The article focuses on the growing moral contradictoriness of wars in the global age which demands one deal with the classical politico-philosophical problem in the contemporary setting as well. A contradiction is pointed out which calls for the emergence of a social theory of new wars and of a new understanding of safety as well as of loose, metaphorical to the point of suggestive, employments of the concept of war. Further discussions on this theme are also linked with the changes in the forms of war, their agents as well as their causes and consequences, especially their worsening impact on social life and development. In the conditions of an emerging multi-polar order of international relations, the question of awareness of non-Western viewpoints in this area also comes to the fore. The critical spirit of both works under review contributes to the discussion of changes in the justice of war at the beginning of the twenty-first century in the context of the creation and functioning of global society.
3

HOMÉR A PREDSÓKRATOVSKÉ MYSLENIE

63%
Kalaš A., Škvrnda F.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2014
|
vol. 69
|
issue 10
813 – 823
EN
The paper questions the modern approach to ancient philosophy as a linear movement from mythos to logos. It analyses the circumstances of „the beginning“ of ancient philosophical thinking. It tempts to see the whole movement of the pre-Socratic philosophy as a literary undercurrent of the Homeric schools, the Homeridae. The allegorical interpretation of the Homeric poems is crucial for this type of argumentation. This interpretation goes back to their very origins. The emphasis is put on the resemblances between the cyclic eposes Ilias and Odyssey and early pre-Socratic philosophies, namely those of Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Pythagoras and the Milesian School. It is argued, that in physical and ethical conceptions of these philosophers, many traces of Homeric world-view can be unveiled. Therefore, it seems viable to suppose that some allegoric interpretations of Homer´s poems pre-existed as a theoretical background behind these philosophical theories.
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