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Filozofia religii: jej problematyka i jej odmiany

100%
Filo-Sofija
|
2011
|
vol. 11
|
issue 4(15)
911-917
EN
The main task of the philosophy of religion is to adequately define the concept of religion – it should be comprehensive enough to cover all historically known forms of religion and restrictive enough to exclude any other cultural forms which are only similar to religion. How we understand the nature of religious beliefs (their propositional, volitional and emotional content) determines the method of philosophizing about religion. The religious doctrine plays a decisive role in religion, in one way or another motivating and justifying moral norms and worship practices. Traditionally oriented philosophers of religion have been chiefly interested in reasons for accepting a religious doctrine and in metaphysical problems; analytical philosophy of religion has brought into focus the semiotics of religious propositions.
EN
The main thesis of the paper states that Catholic theology and Evangelical theology use different languages. The differences stem from the philosophical dispute about universals. The following positions emerged in the debate: radical realism (universalia ante rem), moderate realism (universsalia in re) and nominalism (notitia intuitiva et notitia abstractiva). The language of Catholic theology is a language of moderate realism, while the language of Evangelical theology is a language of nominalism. The linguistic differences result in a different understanding of important theological statements. The paper uses an analysis of selected fragments from a Catholic and an Evangelical catechism as a basis for the demonstration of the way the following issues are understood: (1) knowledge of God, (2) the concept of original sin, (3) the nature of the Church, (4) the origin of sacraments, (5) life in the world to come.
PL
Główna teza artykułu stwierdza, że teologia katolicka oraz teologia ewangelicka posługują się różnymi językami. Różnice są zakorzenione w filozoficznym sporze o uniwersalia. W sporze tym ukształtowały się następujące stanowiska: realizm skrajny (universalia ante rem), realizm umiarkowany (universalia in re) oraz nominalizm (notitia intuitiva et notitia abstractiva). Język teologii katolickiej jest językiem realizmu umiarkowanego, natomiast język teologii ewangelickiej – językiem nominalizmu. Różnice językowe mają wpływ na odmienne rozumienie istotnych twierdzeń teologicznych. W artykule pokazano – na przykładzie analizy wybranych tekstów z katechizmu katolickiego i ewangelickiego – różnice w rozumieniu i interpretacji takich kwestii, jak: (1) poznawanie Boga, (2) pojęcie grzechu pierworodnego, (3) natura Kościoła, (4) geneza sakramentów, (5) życie w przyszłym świecie.
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