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1

EXISTENCIA, SUBJEKTIVITA, ETIKA. REFLEXIA KIERKEGAARDA V NEMECKEJ A FRANCÚZSKEJ FENOMENOLÓGII

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Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2020
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vol. 75
|
issue 5
372 – 385
EN
The paper represents a contribution to a broader discussion of the relation between the phenomenological and the existential tradition. It explores the reception of Kierkegaard’s philosophy in the writings of three phenomenological authors: M. Heidegger, E. Levinas and M. Henry. Their Kierkegaard reception is the most intensive among phenomenological thinkers and focuses largely on the issues of existence and subjectivity and their ethical-religious dimension. I analyse the main motifs of this reception and point out the overlaps, contradictions and tensions between the different interpretations of Kierkegaard’s ideas. I also suggest potential topics for future research.
2

OBMEDZENIE NEPRIATEĽSTVA AKO VÝCHOVA K ĽUDSKOSTI: CARL SCHMITT A ERNST JÜNGER

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Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2019
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vol. 74
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issue 10
852 – 865
EN
The aim of the paper is to present the principle of limited enmity as education to humaneness. In the first part I focus on Schmitt’s presentation of this principle as a corrective to the natural human inclination to discriminate and defame one’s enemy. He points out a line of thought in international law that humanized war by defining enemies as equals and rejecting the tendency to completely annihilate one’s enemy. He sees it as a counterbalance to the totalitarian ideologies of the 20th century that promoted the absolutization of enmity. In the second part I examine Jünger’s autobiographical reflections on his military involvement in World War I. I demonstrate that both his personal maxims and his practical conduct conformed to the principle of limited enmity. In the third part I highlight four common features of Schmitt’s and Jünger’s reflections that I consider relevant for education to humaneness in the political conflicts of our age.
3

O EPISTEMOLOGICKEJ VÝHODE PORAZENÝCH: C. SCHMITT A R. KOSELLECK

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Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2017
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vol. 72
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issue 10
789 – 799
EN
The paper critically examines Carl Schmitt’s and Reinhart Koselleck’s contributions to the reflection of the epistemological advantage of the vanquished. Both authors claim that the experience of being defeated contains a unique potential for creation of innovative historical interpretations and historiographic procedures which have long-term usefulness. Adverse historical development intensifies explanatory pressure on the vanquished historian and directs his attention to long-term factors that have influenced this development. Non-ideological analysis of these factors facilitates the discovery of historical connections which are repeatable and will probably occur in later historical contexts. Both authors polemicize against the philosophical-historical principle. History is written by the victors whose does not prove itself in the long-term perspective. In this paper the author especially focuses on typological aspects of the analysis of the phenomenon of defeat.
4

SCHMITTOVA TEÓRIA NEPRIATEĽA AKO VÝZVA PRE KIERKEGAARDOVU TEÓRIU NEPREFERENČNEJ LÁSKY

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Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2018
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vol. 73
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issue 10
804 – 817
EN
The aim of the paper is to confront Kierkegaard’s theory of no preferential love with Schmitt’s theory of the enemy and to point out new lines of philosophical reflection enabled by this confrontation. The textual points of departure for the confrontation are Kierkegaard’s Works of Love (1847) and Schmitt’s The Concept of the Political (1932). The paper first examines Kierkegaard’s distinction between preferential and no preferential love and outlines his doctrine of no preferential love of the enemy. Subsequently, it examines Schmitt’s concepts of the political enemy and private adversary and discusses their roles in Schmitt’s interpretation of the ethical imperative of the love of the enemy. Finally, Kierkegaard’s theory of the individual attitude of no preferential love is compared with and enriched by Schmitt’s reflections on the preferential behaviour of political collectives.
5

TOWARDS A DIALOGICAL PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION: BUBER’S AMBIVALENT RECEPTION OF KIERKEGAARD

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Šajda P.
Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis
|
2020
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vol. 19
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issue 1
5 – 15
EN
Martin Buber is a well-known representative of dialogical philosophy who wrote extensively on the topic of religion. He developed his own philosophy of religion and engaged in polemics with other philosophers of religion on the importance of dialogical elements in this field of study. In this paper I examine his complex polemic with Søren Kierkegaard which is part of Buber’s larger project of developing dialogical philosophy of religion. Buber’s approach to Kierkegaard is ambivalent: on the one hand he considers Kierkegaard as a precursor to dialogical philosophy. On the other hand he claims that Kierkegaard compromises basic Christian doctrines. Buber adopts dialogical notions elaborated by Kierkegaard and develops them further while rejecting those notions that he deems incompatible with the dialogical approach. The philosophical-religious issue of the individual’s relation to God is at the center of Buber’s polemic.
6

KIERKEGAARDOVO ODMIETNUTIE MYSTIKY MAJSTRA ECKHARTA

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Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 2
161-168
EN
Kierkegaard's reception of the Catholic theology and spirituality embodies also his reception of the writings of the medieval mystics, in particular those by Dominicans of the high middle ages. Among the writers who were prone to mysticism and who were not unknown to the Danish philosopher, Master Eckhart occupies a distinctive place. His literary portraits of that time differ considerably from those elaborated either by his disciples J. Tauler, Heinrich Sus, or included in an anonymous mystical work 'Theologia Deutsch'. Eckhart's intellectual legacy has been made popular by the Hegelians and by the Protestant speculative theologians. This probably led Kierkegard to excluding Master Eckhart from the whole of medieval mysticism, which he otherwise accepted positively.
7

TEÓRIA OBRAZU V SÚVISLOSTIACH NÁUKY O ANALÓGII A UNIVOCITE V DIELE MAJSTRA ECKHARTA

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Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2008
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vol. 63
|
issue 7
573-581
EN
Meister Eckhart's theory of image is closely related to his doctrine of analogy and univocity. It is this linkage, which is highlighted in the article. The article brings several examples of analogical relationality and univocal correlationality which could be found in Eckhart himself and whose importance was recently emphasized in particular by Burkhard Mojsisch. In this context special attention is paid to the correlation between archetype and image which is a paradigm that Eckhart uses repeatedly when describing the basal dynamics of a univocal correlation.
8

HEGELOVA TÉZA O NEFILOZOFICKOSTI A NEVEDECKOSTI SÚDOBEJ TEOLÓGIE A JEJ NÁSLEDKY

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Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2009
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vol. 64
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issue 8
717-727
EN
The first half of the 19th century witnessed a wide-range debate concerning the relation between the speculative philosophy of religion and the theology of that time. Referring to a remark of Hegel in his Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, in which he depicted Protestant theology of that time as unphilosophical and unscientific. It started a philosophical-theological controversy in which several prominent German and Danish intellectuals took part. The relations between philosophy and theology, the legitimacy of metaphysical interpretation of Christian dogmas, the limits of rationality, the issue of pantheism or the relatedness of modern philosophy of religion to medieval speculative mysticism were among the discussed issues.
9

NÁČRT KONTRAPOZÍCIE PREFERENČNEJ A NEPREFERENČNEJ LÁSKY V DIELE SǾRENA KIERKEGAARDA

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Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2007
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vol. 62
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issue 2
110-121
EN
The counter-position of the preferential and non-preferential love was elaborated by Kierkegaard to separate Christian love to one's neighbor from love to a beloved person, friend or another preferential object of love. Kierkegaard publicly declared himself 'as a religious and Christian author'. Therefore, it is the conception of Christian love, which is the crucial subject of his essay. The counter-position, which has been fundamentally presented in his most important work 'Works of Love', derives from his earlier writings focused on the critique of the esthetical, ethical or ironic paradigms of love. Kierkeggard's concept of love wants to show especially the perception of 'the Other' by an individual. Thus his ethics of love can be characterized as an ethics of a disposition of the loving subject. The theory of Christian love in his work is closely related to the concept of religiously motivated negation, which in his view is 'conditio sine qua non' of the perception of 'the Other' as an ethically reflected object of love independent of the natural preferences of the loving person.
10

THEODOR W. ADORNO: DVE TVÁRE KIERKEGAARDA AKO KRITIKA SPOLOČNOSTI

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Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 9
821-832
EN
T. W. Adorno deals with Kierkegaard intellectual legacy in tens of his works, which were being published in the course of more than three decades. One of his main concerns is rather ambiguous: depicting Kierkegaard as a critique of the society of that time. Adorno examines Kierkegaard's social and political sensibility, as well as his theory of inwardness, and his idea of non-purpose, inter-subjective relationships. He points out to the devastating effects of conforming Kierkegaard's legacy to the principles of existentialist philosophy. Kierkegaard's views are also evaluated on the background of contemporary deficiencies of Western society, such as ethnocentrism or anti-Semitism.
11

STRANGE HOMOLOGY: BUBER’S AND JÜNGER’S DESCRIPTIONS OF THE FIGHTING INDIVIDUAL

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Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2023
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vol. 78
|
issue 7
533 – 547
EN
A complex approach to Martin Buber’s oeuvre requires a consideration of both his dialogical and pre-dialogical writings. The latter include in some cases emphases that differ substantially from the emphases promulgated in Ich und Du. I will focus on three essays from the final stage of Buber’s pre-dialogical period which contain reflections on the fighting individual. The comparison with Ernst Jünger’s reflections on the same motif will show the intellectual proximity between the two authors and will help us understand how Buber’s thought was positioned shortly before his dialogical turn. While after this turn Buber and Jünger could be easily seen as polar opposites, this is not the case when we juxtapose their early reflections on the fighting individual in World War I. There are striking similarities which I denote as a homology, as there is no evidence of influence in either direction. The presented analysis provides an insight into Buber’s controversial pre-dialogical positions as well as into the more general processing of the World War I experience in Germanophone philosophy.
12

RELIGIOUS NON-REALISM AS A BORDER ZONE? REFLECTING ON FEUERBACH’S ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEOLOGY

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Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2023
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vol. 78
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issue 9
711 – 718
EN
In the present paper I examine the issue of religious non-realism with a special focus on its expression in Feuerbach’s anthropological theology. First, I discuss the distinction between religious realism and non-realism exploring the recent popularization of the latter by Don Cupitt. Second, I present Feuerbach as a representative of religious non-realism and outline the critiques of his anthropological theology by Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Augusto del Noce, and Jon Stewart. Third, I analyse Martin Buber’s presentation of religious non-realism as a restless position. In the conclusion I suggest that religious non-realism is a border zone between religious realism and atheism, both of which tend to be critical of it. Non-realism is subject to pressure from both sides and might be considered a weak position between two strong positions.
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