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PL
Cel artykułu to prezentacja poezji Natalii Liwyckiej-Chołodnej w przed-wojennych tłumaczeniach Józefa Łobodowskiego. Głównym założeniem jest wskazanie przesłanek, którymi kierował się tłumacz w wyborze utworu, przedstawienie właściwości warsztatu poetyckiego i omówienie dokonanych przez niego translacji. Natalia Liwycka--Chołodna (1902–2005) zaliczana do grona tzw. szkoły praskiej ponad 20 lat była związana z Polską. W Warszawie opublikowano dwa tomy jej poezji Вогонь і попіл (Ogień i popiół, 1934) oraz Сім літер (Siedem liter, 1937). W okresie międzywojennym jej dorobek był polskiemu czytelnikowi mało znany. Kilka tłumaczeń jej wczesnej poezji pojawiało się w latach 1934–1938 w „Sygnałach”, „Biuletynie Polsko-Ukraińskim” i czasopiśmie „Wołyń”. Ich autorami byli Tadeusz Hollender i Józef Łobodowski, który opublikował trzy prze-kłady: На розквітлі акації грона (Srebrny księżyc akację ogarnął), На розпуттях(Rue Racine) i На могилі (Nad grobem). Lubelski poeta sięgnął po utwory bliskie jego autorskiej poezji i poglądom politycznym. Omówione translacje są przykładem ekwiwa-lencji dynamicznej, charakteryzuje je energia i osobiste zaangażowanie tłumacza. Zwraca on uwagę na adekwatność semantyczną, ale nie rezygnuje z autorskiej poetyzacji tek-stu. W jego przekładach można odnaleźć wiele elementów mających na celu pobudzenie wyobraźni polskiego czytelnika.
EN
The aim of the current article is to present the poetry of Natalya Livyt-ska-Kholodna in pre-war translations of Józef Łobodowski. The main objective is to indicate the premises which guided the translator in selecting poems, to demonstrate the characteristics of his poetic skills, as well as to discuss his translations. Although Natalya Livytska-Kholodna (1902–2005) is included in the so-called “Prague school”, she lived in Poland for over 20 years. Two volumes of her poetry were published in Warsaw: Вогонь і попіл (Fire and Ash, 1934)and Сім літер (Seven Letters, 1937). In spite of that, her literary achievements were almost entirely unknown to Polish readers in the interwar period. A few translations of her early poetry were published in the years 1934–1938 in the monthly “Sygnały”, “Biuletyn Polsko-Ukraiński”(“Polish-Ukrainian Bulletin”) and “Wołyń”magazine. Their authors were Tadeusz Hollender and Józef Łobodowski, with the latter publishing three translations: На розквітлі акації грона (Silver Moon Enveloped the Acacia), На розпуттях (Rue Racine) and На могилі (Over the Grave). The poet from Lublin chose works which were close to his own poetry and political views. The translations discussed here exemplify dynamic equivalence and are characterised by Łobodowski’s energy and personal involvement. He draws attention to semantic adequacy, but he does not refrain from poetizing the text. His translations include many elements aimed at stimulating the imagination of Polish readers.
EN
Józef Łobodowski’s pre-war translations were published in the weekly “Wołyń” which he was the editor of in the years 1937–1938, and in “Biuletyn Polsko-Ukraiński”. Among them, the translations of poems by Yuriy Kosach, Natalya Lyvitska-Kholodna, Oleh Olzhych and Yevhen Malanyuk can be found. Łobodowski had personal contacts with was Malanyuk as he was his long-time acquaintance. They both published their works in “Biuletyn Polsko-Ukraiński” and in “Kultura” based in Paris. Łobodowski translated in total over 20 works of the Ukrainian poet, the majority of which were published in “Kultura” after the war, together with a number of literary critical articles, such as Scylle i Charybdy poezji ukraińskiej (The Scyllas And Charybdas of the Ukrainian Poetry), Poezja Jewhena Małaniuka (Yevhen Malanyuk’s Poetry), Ostatnia wiosna (The Last Spring), or a memoir note Po śmierci Małaniuka (After Malanyuk’s Death). In the 1930s, Łobodowski became interested in the poetry from the collection Земля й залізо (Earth and Iron). In the interwar period, three translations were published: An Inscription on a Book of Poems (Напис на книзі віршів), 13 November 1920 (13 листопада 1920 р.) and fragments of the Epiphanies (Прозріння) cycle. In his translations, the author for Lublin was guided mainly by the principle of the hierarchy of values and equivalence. His works include Malanyuk’s poems close to his own poetry. Moreover, in his translation work he tended to avoid texts speaking against Poles and dividing the two nations. Łobodowski is characterised by his interpretational talents and the ability to preserve the main meanings of the original versions. In spite of the fact that his translations are characterised by dynamic equivalence, they are not spontaneous, they do not stem from emotions, but they have a solid theoretical foundation and are based on his excellent knowledge of the Ukrainian poet’s works.
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