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Wyzwania wobec gospodarstw drobnotowarowych w Polsce w aspekcie reformy WPR 2014-2020

100%
Musiał W.
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
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2014
|
issue 154
55-71
2
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Rozwój rustykalny Karpat Polskich (od czasów wczesnego osadnictwa do czasów zbójectwa)

100%
Musiał W.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
|
2006
|
vol. 10
209-220
EN
The course of settlement and agricultural management processes in the Carpathian Mountains, inhabited mainly by Polish population, was analysed in the article. The history of settlement and pasturing dates back to the 9th century, although the origins of agronomic activities may be traced back to the beginning of the 4th century. Settlement is connected with location of bigger or smaller towns, whose population took part in stormy transformations brought about by wars and the following social and political movements. Growing settlement density and development of feudal production relationships instigated development of farming but at the same time led to growing social problems and conflicts. Resistance of the serfs to feudal lords assumed different forms, such as defection or brigandage, common in the present areas of Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine.
3
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Przeobrażenia wsi, rolnictwa i Karpat Polskich po II wojnie światowej – próba syntezy

100%
Musiał W.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
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2008
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vol. 12
218-245
EN
The territory of Poland changed its shape and size aft er the Second World War. The changes concerned also the Polish Carpathians, which benefi ted from small corrections of border in the Spisz Region, but lost large Carpathian areas situated east of the Lutowiska-Krościenko-Przemyśl axis. The economy in the region of newly formed border with the Soviet Union (corrected over the subsequent years) was devastated by numerous skirmishes and long lasting war activities, which also led to its depopulation. A systematic regress was happening in arable land use and particularly livestock production. The phenomenon was diffi cult to suppress because of growing depopulation and remodelling of land ownership. The mountain and sub-mountain regions, which used to be overpopulated and poor areas aft er the war became an example of mass emigration to the Western Territories. The immigrants moved mainly to the Upper and Lower Silesia. In the post-war years all activities in the Carpathian agriculture, like in the agriculture of whole Poland, focused on the reconstruction of material resources for production, particularly the demolished numbers and ruined quality of livestock. The end of the forties and beginning of the fi ft ies were not only the time of enormous eff orts of the farmers themselves trying to reconstruct and develop their farms, but also the period of problems posed by the state. New concept of agrarian policy became implemented since 1956 in result of political changes. Its main objective was strengthening production aspects and introducing mechanisms of so called indirect socialization. There was a signifi cant turning point concerning means of production supplies for agriculture, including particularly agricultural inputs, current assets, construction materials and farm machinery. Mechanisms of agriculture development adopted for the years 1956–1969 were slowly loosing their efficiency and finally failed unable to match the rate of agronomic production growth, which in view of developing consumer needs led to economic and political crisis. In result of and following stormy political events of 1970, the state started to implement new policy for agriculture and rural areas. In the eighties the mountain rural areas still retained their typically farming character. On one hand they made use of agricultural progress, modern technologies and machinery which reached farms according to the same rules as the other rural areas in Poland, whereas on the other still faced problems in farming caused by a defi ciency of agricultural inputs: mineral fertilizers, pesticides and feed concentrates but also defi cit of coal. The rule of administrative distribution of construction materials, farm machinery and other defi cit means of production was still in force. From economic point of view a turning point in the hitherto pursued policy was so called market facilitation of economy releasing prices for agronomic products. At that time agriculture once again got ahead of the other sectors adopting solutions matching market economy and avoiding the threat of collectivization of family farms. It relinquished great hope for improvement of economic situation in the country and on farms, even on the most dispersed ones, which are so numerous in the Carpathian Region.
4
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Problemy dysparytetu pogłowia owiec w województwie małopolskim

51%
Musiał W., Sroka W., Mikołajczyk J.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2013
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issue 4(74)
37-53
EN
Sheep-farming is the branch of agricultural economy which in the last 2 decades has faced a serious regress. It should be noted that a deep and relatively stable decrease in sheep population has occurred. Moreover, the sheep breeding in many sub-regions of Poland, where years ago their production played a significant role, is also disappearing. The decrease in sheep population has been usually concomitant with the decrease in cattle population which has finally resulted in the increasing problem of abandonment of grasslands, the process of land being brownfielded and fallowed, and the process of land forestation and shrubs. Sheeps can again become unique species of animal reintroduction for productive usage of agricultural areas, their productiveness, and the provision of both workplace and local population incomes. These premises are particularly significant for mountainous areas, including mountains and foothills in the Małopolska Province, which are naturally predestined for animal production. In the analysis the emphasis has been put on the wide array of benefits which result from the sheep breeding reintroduction, including both cultural and commercial-cultural sheep pasture. Problem concerning the scale of sheep population shortage in the herbivorous livestock in Małopolska Province has also been tackled. The conducted analysis have shown that feed reserves are currently enormous, whereas the shortage of herbivorous livestock in Małopolska Province amounts to over 220 thousand. LU, that is 123% of a current state of livestock, including about 100,7% of sheep population state.
5
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Dochodowość produkcji owczarskiej na obszarach górskich – analiza modelowa

51%
Mikołajczy J., Sroka W., Musiał W.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2014
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issue 1(75)
52-65
EN
This analysis touches upon the problem of profitability in production, which has been related to sheep production carried out in mountainous conditions. The profitability of three model farms, which focus on sheep production for three different technologies, has been both analyzed and evaluated. By conducting their production for three different technologies, these farms gain diverse level of and structure of their final production. It has been established that the discussed models of farms are adequate to both mountainous areas and Southern Poland. The first model represents a farm with 40 ewes and 2 cows. This farm covers the area of 11,5 ha of arable land aimed at the production of feedstuff for animals fed all year round. The production in this farms is based on lambs and the so-called oscypek (smoked ewe’s milk cheese made in the Tatra Mountains). In contrast, the second model describes a farm, which covers the area of 5,3 ha, with 40 ewes and 1 cow. In this farm light lambs are sold for cutting, whereas ewes are put out to pasture during the summer season. The third farm covers the area of 27,1 ha with 100 ewes and 150 heavy lambs. The results of economic evaluation of the presented models of sheep breeding in mountains show low profitability of production. Only the first farm, which sells light lambs and produces oscypek, shows positive agricultural income. Negative agricultural income is achieved by farms that either put their sheep out to pasture or produce heavy lambs. The structure as well as the size of transfers acquired from the CAP show that the agricultural income, increased by extra money, is positive. The third-farm model, which is the largest and takes advantage of various payment forms, generates the highest income.
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