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EN
The article presents a brief review of the book published in 2013, edited by K.-H. Spiess on behalf of the Konstanzer Arbeitskreis für Mittelalterliche Geschichte. The book is one of two important multi-authored volumes printed recently in Germany, which contribute strongly to research on and knowledge of the beginnings of the feudal law as a legal system (as Lehnswesen is understood in the book as combination of beneficiary institutions and vassality).
EN
In 2013 in the Chairs of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University concerned with legal and constitutional history, several research and editorial projects which were launched in the past few years were being continued, some of them having come to the point of the publication of final or partial results. Also one international event – a conference on the editing of legal-historical sources in June 2013 – was organized jointly by several units of the Faculty.
EN
The reviewed book of Janusz Łosowski attempts to investigate the importance of written documentation in the life of peasants in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th–18th centuries, especially in the lands of the Polish Crown, basing mostly on the sources concerning Lesser Poland (Małopolska). The study of Łosowski has been based upon extensive and thorough archive query, including very interesting groups of sources (some of them excerpted in the annexes). It attempts to deepen the knowledge of early modern legal culture and mentality of peasant societies.
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono problem oceny bezpieczeństwa przejść dla pieszych, m.in. na przykładach działań podejmowanych w Norwegii, Australii i we Włoszech. W przypadku Oslo w oparciu o raport „T0I Report 1231/2012" przedstawiono ramy oceny bezpieczeństwa przejść dla pieszych i wyniki pokontrolne. Natomiast w przypadku Australii przedstawiono podstawy metody oceny bezpieczeństwa przejść dla pieszych stworzonej na jednym z tamtejszych uniwersytetów, Monash University, która jak podkreślają jej autorzy w wielu płaszczyznach wymaga dopracowania. Podane w artykule przykłady wskazują na istotny problem w tworzeniu metod oceny bezpieczeństwa niechronionych uczestników ruchu drogowego i ich zastosowań aplikacyjnych w programach ramowych wdrażanych w dużych aglomeracjach miejskich. Pomimo wskazanych trudności niewątpliwie występuje możliwość stworzenia obiektywnej metody oceny bezpieczeństwa pieszych, co może być przedmiotem opracowań naukowych.
EN
This article presents an issue of the assessment of pedestrian crosswalks safety, based on the example of actions undertaken in Norway and Australia. In Oslo, the criteria for safety assessment on pedestrian crossings and the audit results were presented in theT0l Report 1231/2012. In Australia, a draft methodology for pedestrian crosswalks safety assessment, which, according to the authors, needs an improvement at multiple levels, has been developed at Monash University. The examples presented in the article indicate a significant problem with the elaboration of safety assessment methods of unprotected pedestrians and their applications within the framework programs implemented in large urban agglomerations. Despite the difficulties mentioned above, there are undeniably some possibilities regarding the elaboration of an objective pedestrian safety assessment method, which may be the subject to scientific studies.
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