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Czapski wobec abstrakcji.

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EN
Józef Czapski, as a painter and critic who lived and worked after the WW2 in the Parisian centre, was watching ubiquitous abstraction of the 1950s with certain astonishment; he used to treat it rather as a symptom of a superficial, lacking philosophical background fashion than a serious, or to call it more appropriate, forerunning and significant artistic offer. He pointed out inaccuracy in terminology and confusion with ideas he was able to notice in the literature of the subject, which he was perfectly aware of, and art critics’ discussions around abstraction in the then contemporary times. On the other hand, he drew a panorama of abstract painting striving which spread between a vision of an art language of “Puritans”, like Malevich and Mondrian, and “the dazzling elucubrations” of the Tachists of Mathieu type. In Czapski’s considerations there are plenty of rhetorical questions about the status of abstract art and its significance in presence and future. His restrained acclaim for tremendous successes of Abstractionists in galleries and art centres is combined with his doubts about the quality and range of this noisy wave of abstract painting. They are welded by his accurate and erudite observations of status quo. The author of the paper makes an attempt at critical reconstruction of Czapski’s theoretical views regarding “the Niagara Falls of abstract production” on the one hand, while on the other he recalls Czapski’s valuation of abstraction prime in Poland at the period of Thaw, he also recalls the painter’s late fascination with Nicolas de Stäel’s oeuvre and poses questions about influence of this painting formula on the artist’s work itself.
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Macedonian historians, by calling upon certain past events perceived as traumatic and mobilizing deep-rooted stereotypes and prejudices against the neighboring countries, sought to manipulate the public opinion. It seems that also today many representatives of the Macedonian elite still see the fight for position in the historical culture as a primary aim of their existence in the public sphere. They linked the current political and social situation to the so-called historical traditions and saw Macedonian national identity threatened by Albanian, Bulgarian, Greek, and Serbian nationalists. Past and current events are explained in such a way that they became part of a mythological narrations.
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Nowadays, almost in the blink of the eye, multiculturalism in Warsaw is gaining a new character, but this new character has older, pre-war roots. Today we witness a process in which the 'old' minorities, especially Jews, are replaced by other migrants, mostly Vietnamese. Warsaw attracts, with its economic and social growth, not only people from other parts of Poland but also ethnically varied groups of migrants. Unfortunately, the Polish public sphere is ruled by diversionary issues and policies. One may have an impression then that we have entered an era of political correctness but this has been done without the proper debate concerning its postulates or even attempts to define fuzzy borders between what we can consider as only 'our' (or 'theirs') and what is truly universal. If we do not engage in this debate, it is possible that one day the multiculturalists dream of 'difference' and ethno-nationalists will become the reality. This means that we will wake up in a state in which alienated individuals (both 'true Poles' and migrants) will be individually described only in the frames of fundamentalism with universal aspirations or ethnic ghettos, which are also artificially created with the help of national pop culture.
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(Title in Roma language: O Amdi Bajrami: observacia jekhe rromane 'lideresqere' politikane dromesqeri). The article presents a controversial Romani politician, Amdi Bajram. His political choices and attitudes, and this means the choices and attitudes of a person who is generally perceived as the most important representative of the Macedonian Roma in relations with the institutions of majority, will be described in the context of the social, economic and political situation of the Roma who live in the Republic of Macedonia.
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The objective of this article is to identify and analyse opportunities and threats for the insurance industry related to the popularisation of autonomous vehicles. The analysis uses the data and forecasts included in reports of independent research institutions, which forecast the tempo of development of autonomous vehicle technologies. In the following few years, the global model of transport is going to change as it will gradually move away from the model of possessing individual vehicles and towards using a fleet of autonomous vehicles depending on current needs. The fundamental motivation for changes will be safety, comfort and lower costs. A direct result of the technological revolution for the insurance industry is a reduction of the amount of paid compensation, which is related to the improvement in the safety of road traffic. However, the new model of individual transport is going to dramatically reduce the number of vehicles on roads, and therefore it will result in a significant drop in the income for insurers coming from selling vehicle insurance policies, which currently is one of the most significant sources of income for numerous markets.
Lud
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2015
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vol. 99
161-184
EN
This article consists of three parts. In the fi rst, I describe stages of the modern nation building process by the Macedonian Slavs that has continued since the second half of the twentieth century until this day. I argue that Macedonian nationalism that was aimed at creating a new Slavic nation, could not have been successful without support from socialist Yugoslavia. Along with the disintegration of socialist order, a multifarious process of reconstruction of the most important Macedonian identity discourses occurred. As a result, a part of political and intellectual elites set out to persuade Macedonians that the beginnings of their community are rooted in antiquity. Like their communist predecessors, they reconstruct the image of the Macedonian ‘ideological homeland’ by means of architectural memory carriers. However, I will present in the last part of my article, that their activities could be interpreted as a new way of thinking about the identity of a national community. The contemporary policy of managing the cultural landscape executed by the Macedonian authorities is not only one element of nationalist ideology, but also constitutes an attempt to create a ‘nation brand’ that would contribute to Macedonian recognisability and competitiveness globally. Kruševo, which is considered the ‘sacred’ town of Macedonian nationalism, constitutes a good example to observe the functioning of such processes.
Studia Ełckie
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2018
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vol. 20
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issue 4
483-496
EN
Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI, at beginning of his academic work and on up to his election to the Holy See, was vividly interested in the interpretation of the Holy Scripture. In his theological works on the Divine Filiation, essence of the Church, credibility of Christianity and the primacy of God he often referred to biblical texts. The German theologian is not afraid to identify perilous tendencies in the interpretation of the Holy Scripture which have emerged in the modern thought and could be seen in the three stages of his search for historical Jesus. J. Ratzinger/Benedict XVI notices positive elements of exegesis based on the historical-critical method, but resolutely outlines its boundaries. Consequently, to address this issue the German theologian applies the canonical method. According to the Church Fathers, the Bible should be interpreted through the mutual reference of the Old and New Testaments. In the foreword to the book entitled Jesus of Nazareth, Benedict XVI gives a methodological justification for this method. It is utterly necessary as it is based on the hermeneutics of faith.
Biuletyn Historii Sztuki
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2014
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vol. 76
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issue 2
s. 289-300
EN
The author presents the conceptual design of special and architectural development of University’s Botanic Garden in Lublin in the context of Oskar Hansen’s theory of Open Form on architecture.
EN
The paper presents the reflections of representatives of American neorealism on the topic of unipolar distribution of power in the international system. The author discusses the concepts of the balance of power and hegemonic stability, which served as foundations on which the referenced authors formulated own hypotheses regarding potential for durability and peacefulness of a system dominated by one superpower. The article also presents opinions of various neorealists on the international situation post-Cold War and distribution of power in the modern world.
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